Bacterial meningitis in Swaziland: an 18 month prospective study of its impact.

Ford, Helen; Wright, John

doi:10.1136/jech.48.3.276

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Table 1 lists 50 studies of bacterial meningitis in 25 countries and regions . Prospectively collected data were obtained from Burkina Faso [13], Cameroon [15], Ghana [31], Libya [39], Nigeria [46,48], South Africa [56,57], Swaziland [59], and Zambia [61]. More than 30,000 cases were reported overall, but in only 37 studies (total no.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2 prospective studies (in Burkina Faso [13] and Swaziland [59]), Hib, rather than S. pneumoniae, proved to be the most likely bacterial species to lead to sequelae in patients recovering from bacterial meningitis; the rates in the Burkina Faso and Swaziland were 14% and 38% for Hib, 5% and 16% for pneumococci, and zero and 20% for meningococci, respectively. In contrast, a recent survey in The Gambia [71] revealed long-term sequelae (determined at examinations performed 11-90 months after illness) in 58% of cases of pneumococcal meningitis, compared with 38% of cases of Hib meningitis.…”

Section: Complications and Sequelaementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Seven studies evaluated sequelae according to etiology [13,14,25,41,43,59,71]. In 2 prospective studies (in Burkina Faso [13] and Swaziland [59]), Hib, rather than S. pneumoniae, proved to be the most likely bacterial species to lead to sequelae in patients recovering from bacterial meningitis; the rates in the Burkina Faso and Swaziland were 14% and 38% for Hib, 5% and 16% for pneumococci, and zero and 20% for meningococci, respectively.…”

Section: Complications and Sequelaementioning

confidence: 96%

“…In 11 series, at least 25% of cases were caused by other bacteria (table 1), usually Salmonella species. This agent might be increasing in importance as a result of the AIDS epidemic [59,63]. In Rwanda, where 30% of fertile women were positive for HIV [64], 13% of childhood bacterial meningitis was due to Salmonella species.…”

Section: Meningitismentioning

confidence: 98%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Burden of Meningitis and Other Severe Bacterial Infections of Children in Africa: Implications for Prevention

Peltola

2001

Clinical Infectious Diseases

118

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Apart from meningococcal disease in the sub-Saharan meningitis belt, the incidence and impact of life-threatening bacterial diseases in children across Africa have not been quantified. The clinical and epidemiological data on pneumococcal, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and other forms of bacterial meningitis, as well as data on other severe bacterial infections throughout the continent were scrutinized. Pneumococci were the leading causative agents of nonepidemic meningitis and other bacteremic diseases, followed by Hib. Meningococcal diseases were less common. Mortality rates associated with pneumococcal, Hib, and meningococcal meningitis were 549 (45%) of 1211 patients, 389 (29%) of 1352 patients, and 104 (8%) of 1236 patients, respectively; sequelae occurred in 50%, 40%, and 10% of cases. At 0-4 years of age, the estimated incidences of Hib meningitis and all classic Hib diseases were 70 and 100 cases per 100,000 population per year, accounting for approximately 90,000 and 120,000 cases per year, respectively. Including older age groups and, especially, nonbacteremic Hib pneumonia in the estimates of Hib disease in Africa increased the overall numbers manifold; the numbers of pneumococcal infections were even greater. The only realistic way to combat these severe infections efficaciously would be through widespread vaccination, starting with Hib conjugates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Complications and Sequelaementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Complications and Sequelaementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Meningitismentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Burden of Meningitis and Other Severe Bacterial Infections of Children in Africa: Implications for Prevention

Peltola

2001

Clinical Infectious Diseases

118

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“…Provavelmente, contribuem fatores relacionados às diferenças de condutas terapêuticas, à dificuldade de investigar as possíveis complicações, à falta de uniformidade dos critérios de cura 6 . Em estudo prévio, observamos alta taxa de complicações neurológicas agudas em crianças com meningite piogênica 3 , índice próximo aos observados em países subdesenvolvidos dos continentes asiático e africano [7][8][9][10][11][12] que pode se constituir em fator adicional determinante do maior tempo de internação.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Análise de sobrevida de meningite piogênica em crianças

Lucena

Gomes

Goés

et al. 1998

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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RESUMO -Com o objetivo de estabelecer a letalidade intra-hospitalar de meningite piogênica em crianças da cidade de Salvador, realizamos análise de todos os prontuários dos pacientes com idade inferior a 15 anos admitidos no Hospital Couto Maia, entre 1990 e 1992, segundo publicado anteriormente. As curvas de sobrevida baseadas nas taxas de letalidade e no tempo de permanência hospitalar foram analisadas, comparando-se os grupos de etiologia identificada e não identificada. A mesma análise foi utilizada para comparar os três agentes etiológicos mais prevalentes na faixa etária pediátrica (H. influenzae, N. meningitidis e S. pneumoniae). Não houve diferença estatística entre as curvas de sobrevida do grupo identificado e não identificado. Comparando-se os três agentes, observamos que S. pneumoniae foi responsável pela maior letalidade intra-hospitalar e N. meningitidis apresentou a melhor evolução. Concluímos que esforços devem ser feitos para estabelecer variáveis preditoras de letalidade de meningites piogênicas que possam ser identificadas no momento da admissão hospitalar.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: meningite piogênica, crianças, sobrevida, letalidade, permanência hospitalar. Survival analysis of acute pyogenic meningitis in childrenABSTRACT -In order to determine the survival curves of lethality in acute bacteral meningitis (ABM) in children, we reviewed the charts of all patients admitted to the Hospital Couto Maia from January 1990 to December 1992. The Kaplan-Meir analysis was used to compare the survival rate and hospitalar permanence of patients with identified pathogens with those whose bacteria were not determined. The same analysis was used to compare the curves of the three most frequent agents. Statistical difference between the identified and nonidentified groups was not observed. The analysis of the three curves shows that the first 24 hours were responsible for the most elevated lethality rate. When the curves are compared, it is clear that S. pneumoniae has the most important intrahospitalar lethality and N. meningitidis the most benign evolution. We conclude that efforts have to be made to determine which variables are related to prognosis of ABM at the first day of hospital admission.

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Global Case Fatality of Bacterial Meningitis During an 80-Year Period

van Ettekoven,

Liechti,

Brouwer

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceThe impact of vaccination, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory treatment on pathogen distribution and outcome of bacterial meningitis over the past century is uncertain.ObjectiveTo describe worldwide pathogen distribution and case fatality ratios of community-acquired bacterial meningitis.Data SourcesGoogle Scholar and MEDLINE were searched in January 2022 using the search terms bacterial meningitis and mortality.Study SelectionIncluded studies reported at least 10 patients with bacterial meningitis and survival status. Studies that selected participants by a specific risk factor, had a mean observation period before 1940, or had more than 10% of patients with health care–associated meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, or missing outcome were excluded.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were extracted by 1 author and verified by a second author. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Random-effects models stratified by age (ie, neonates, children, adults), Human Development Index (ie, low-income or high-income countries), and decade and meta-regression using the study period’s year as an estimator variable were used.Main Outcome and MeasureCase fatality ratios of bacterial meningitis.ResultsThis review included 371 studies performed in 108 countries from January 1, 1935, to December 31, 2019, describing 157 656 episodes. Of the 33 295 episodes for which the patients’ sex was reported, 13 452 (40%) occurred in females. Causative pathogens were reported in 104 598 episodes with Neisseria meningitidis in 26 344 (25%) episodes, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 26 035 (25%) episodes, Haemophilus influenzae in 22 722 (22%), other bacteria in 19 161 (18%) episodes, and unidentified pathogen in 10 336 (10%) episodes. The overall case fatality ratio was 18% (95% CI, 16%-19%), decreasing from 32% (95% CI, 24%-40%) before 1961 to 15% (95% CI, 12%-19%) after 2010. It was highest in meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes at 27% (95% CI, 24%-31%) and pneumococci at 24% (95% CI, 22%-26%), compared with meningitis caused by meningococci at 9% (95% CI, 8%-10%) or H influenzae at 11% (95% CI, 10%-13%). Meta-regression showed decreasing case fatality ratios overall and stratified by S pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, or Streptococcus agalactiae (P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this meta-analysis with meta-regression, declining case fatality ratios of community-acquired bacterial meningitis throughout the last century were observed, but a high burden of disease remained.

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Bacterial meningitis in Swaziland: an 18 month prospective study of its impact.

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Burden of Meningitis and Other Severe Bacterial Infections of Children in Africa: Implications for Prevention

Burden of Meningitis and Other Severe Bacterial Infections of Children in Africa: Implications for Prevention

Análise de sobrevida de meningite piogênica em crianças

Global Case Fatality of Bacterial Meningitis During an 80-Year Period

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