Bacterial Lysate Increases the Percentage of Natural Killer T Cells in Peripheral Blood and Alleviates Asthma in Children

Abstract

Aims: To assess the efficacy of conventional treatment combined with bacterial lysate [OM-85 Broncho-Vaxom (BV)] in the prevention of asthma in children as well as its influence on the number of natural killer T (NKT) cells and their cytokine production. Materials and Methods: Sixty children diagnosed with asthma were divided into either a BV-treated group (with oral OM-85 BV) or a conventional inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) group. The numbers of NKT cells and CD4+ NKT cells were measured in the peripheral blood by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 after the blood cells had been cultured with an NKT cell agonist were detected by ELISA. Results: After therapy, asthma attacks were significantly decreased compared with before therapy in both groups. However, after therapy, respiratory tract infections were reduced compared with before therapy in the BV-treated group only. Additionally, the frequency of asthma attacks and use of antibiotics in the BV-treated group were lower than in the ICS group. With BV treatment, the numbers of peripheral blood NKT cells and CD4+ NKT cells were higher after therapy than before therapy. After therapy, the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 and IL-10 levels were increased in the BV-treated group, whereas IL-4 was reduced in the BV-treated group compared with the ICS group. Conclusion: BV combined with conventional asthma treatment can prevent recurrent respiratory tract infections and suppress the severity of asthma attacks, possibly by altering the rates and cytokines of NKT cells.

Promising approaches for the treatment and prevention of viral respiratory illnesses

“…74,75 Mechanistic studies have confirmed pleiotropic immunomodulating effects on both innate and adaptive immunity. 76,77 Pidotimod, a synthetic dipeptide molecule, induces a variety of immunomodulatory effects 78,79 and has shown some efficacy in preventing RTIs, although this was not always confirmed. 80,81 Probiotic supplementation has been shown to reduce the incidence, duration, and severity of upper respiratory tract infections through immune modulation 82 and in particular rhinovirus infection through altering nasal innate inflammatory responses.…”

The Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota and Allergic Diseases

“…The best understood BL, OM-85 BV (also known as Bronchovaxom) consists of extracts of a mixture of bacterial pathogens causing respiratory tract infections [112]. Human clinical studies have revealed beneficial effects of OM-85 BV on the recurrence of ARTIs and a reduction of associated symptoms [113,114,115,116]. Moreover, other BLs have been shown to reduce the recurrence and duration of ARTIs [117,118] as well as a reduction of atopic dermatitis in infants at heredity risk for atopy [119] (table 1).…”

Frequently ill children: has everything been resolved?

“…В свою очередь, полученные данные явились основанием для изучения возможности профилактического применения препарата ОМ-85 у детей и взрослых с аллергическим ринитом, бронхиальной астмой и хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) [47]. Теоретическим обоснованием назначения препарата ОМ-85 пациентам данной категории являются результаты экспериментальных работ, свидетельствующих, что указанный бактериальный лизат обладает позитивным действием на некоторые ключевые звенья патогенеза аллергических заболеваний [36,40,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Так, установлено, что под действием препарата ОМ-85 снижается продукция IgE, увеличивается количество T-regсвязанных CD103+ в брыжеечных лимфатических узлах и ускорение их продвижения из кишечника в бронхолегочную систему.…”

“…Индуцируется синтез цитокинов Th1-профиля, что приводит к нормализации соотношения IL-4/ИФН-гамма. В результате указанных выше эффектов тормозятся процессы инфильтрации слизистой эозинофилами, нейтрофилами, моноцитами и лимфоцитами, что в целом способствует снижению активности воспаления [36,40,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. В настоящее время использование бактериальных иммуномодуляторов при аллергических заболеваниях активно изучается и потенциально может открыть новые перспективы в достижении контроля определенных форм бронхиальной астмы, аллергического ринита и ХОБЛ [56][57][58].…”