Bacterial kidney disease as a model for studies of cell mediated immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Jansson, Eva; Hongslo, T.; Johannisson, Anders; Pilström, Lars; Timmusk, Salme; Norrgren, Leif

doi:10.1006/fsim.2002.0442

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…In teleost fish different specific immune functions such as antibody production, allograft rejection, graft‐versus‐host reaction and delayed hypersensitive reaction among others, have been identified (reviewed by Nakanishi, Aoyagi, Xia, Dijkstra & Ototake 1999; Fischer, Utke, Ototake, Dijkstra & Koller 2003). On the other hand, specific cell‐mediated cytotoxicity has been documented for different fish species infected by viruses and intracellular bacteria (Nakanishi, Fischer, Dijkstra, Hasegawa, Somamoto, Okamoto & Ototake 2002; Jansson, Hongslo, Johannisson, Pilström, Timmusk & Norrgren 2003). However, none of these processes of the acquired immune system have been described in eels.…”

Section: Acquired Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The eel immune system: present knowledge and the need for research

Nielsen

Esteve-Gassent

2006

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The European eel, Anguilla anguilla, is one of the most important warm water fish species cultured in southern Europe and the Mediterranean as well as in northern countries including Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark. The Japanese eel, A. japonica, is an important cultured fish in several Asiatic countries including Japan, China and Taiwan. During recent decades, research has been performed to elucidate the immune response of these species against different pathogens (viruses, bacteria or parasites). Nevertheless, there is very limited information in terms of both cellular and humoral immune responses. This review summarizes the present knowledge relating to the eel immune system and includes new data.

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Section: Acquired Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The eel immune system: present knowledge and the need for research

Nielsen

Esteve-Gassent

2006

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…Few studies reported the cell-mediated immune response of R. salmoninarum [ 201 , 212 , 213 , 214 ]. A p57-induced chronic reduction in MHC II expression might consequently skew the T-cell responses toward an MHC-I-dependent cell-mediated response [ 201 ].…”

Section: Host-centric Approaches—fish Host Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Host–Pathogen Interactions of Marine Gram-Positive Bacteria

Gnanagobal

Santander

2022

Biology

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Marine Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including Renibacterium salmoninarum, Mycobacterium marinum, Nocardia seriolae, Lactococcus garvieae, and Streptococcus spp. cause economic losses in marine fish aquaculture worldwide. Comprehensive information on these pathogens and their dynamic interactions with their respective fish–host systems are critical to developing effective prophylactic measures and treatments. While much is known about bacterial virulence and fish immune response, it is necessary to synthesize the knowledge in terms of host–pathogen interactions as a centerpiece to establish a crucial connection between the intricate details of marine Gram-positive pathogens and their fish hosts. Therefore, this review provides a holistic view and discusses the different stages of the host–pathogen interactions of marine Gram-positive pathogens. Gram-positive pathogens can invade fish tissues, evade the fish defenses, proliferate in the host system, and modulate the fish immune response. Marine Gram-positive pathogens have a unique set of virulence factors that facilitate adhesion (e.g., adhesins, hemagglutination activity, sortase, and capsules), invasion (e.g., toxins, hemolysins/cytolysins, the type VII secretion system, and immune-suppressive proteins), evasion (e.g., free radical quenching, actin-based motility, and the inhibition of phagolysosomal fusion), and proliferation and survival (e.g., heme utilization and siderophore-mediated iron acquisition systems) in the fish host. After infection, the fish host initiates specific innate and adaptive immune responses according to the extracellular or intracellular mechanism of infection. Although efforts have continued to be made in understanding the complex interplay at the host–pathogen interface, integrated omics-based investigations targeting host–pathogen–marine environment interactions hold promise for future research.

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“…Thus, it could be possible that lumpfish act as an asymptomatic carrier and transmit disease threat to salmon (19). Several studies on the fish immune response to R. salmoninarum infection have been conducted in salmonids (31)(32)(33)(34). However, the lumpfish susceptibility and immune response to R. salmoninarum infection is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Is Susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection and Induces Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Chronic Stage

et al. 2021

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Renibacterium salmoninarum is a Gram-positive, intracellular pathogen that causes Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD) in several fish species in freshwater and seawater. Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) is utilized as a cleaner fish to biocontrol sea lice infestation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farms. Atlantic salmon is susceptible to R. salmoninarum, and it can transfer the infection to other fish species. Although BKD outbreaks have not been reported in lumpfish, its susceptibility and immune response to R. salmoninarum is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility and immune response of lumpfish to R. salmoninarum infection. Groups of lumpfish were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with either R. salmoninarum (1×107, 1×108, or 1×109 cells dose-1) or PBS (control). R. salmoninarum infection kinetics and mortality were followed for 98 days post-infection (dpi). Transcript expression levels of 33 immune-relevant genes were measured in head kidney (n = 6) of fish infected with 1×109 cells/dose and compared to the control at 28 and 98 dpi. Infected lumpfish displayed characteristic clinical signs of BKD. Lumpfish infected with high, medium, and low doses had a survival rate of 65%, 93%, and 95%, respectively. Mortality in the high-dose infected group stabilized after 50 dpi, but R. salmoninarum persisted in the fish tissues until 98 dpi. Cytokines (il1β, il8a, il8b), pattern recognition receptors (tlr5a), interferon-induced effectors (rsad2, mxa, mxb, mxc), and iron regulation (hamp) and acute phase reactant (saa5) related genes were up-regulated at 28 dpi. In contrast, cell-mediated adaptive immunity-related genes (cd4a, cd4b, ly6g6f, cd8a, cd74) were down-regulated at 28 dpi, revealing the immune suppressive nature of R. salmoninarum. However, significant upregulation of cd74 at 98 dpi suggests induction of cell-mediated immune response. This study showed that R. salmoninarum infected lumpfish in a similar fashion to salmonid fish species and caused a chronic infection, enhancing cell-mediated adaptive immune response.

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Bacterial kidney disease as a model for studies of cell mediated immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

The eel immune system: present knowledge and the need for research

The eel immune system: present knowledge and the need for research

Host–Pathogen Interactions of Marine Gram-Positive Bacteria

Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Is Susceptible to Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection and Induces Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Chronic Stage

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