Bacterial Interactions with Mucosal Epithelial Cells

Hurwitz, Julia L.; Orihuela, Carlos J.; DiRita, Victor J.; Tuomanen, Elaine

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00049-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 217 publications

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“…Bacterial pathogens cause a myriad of diseases and interact with host cells in a variety of ways. They may colonize extracellular niches, attach to epithelial cell surfaces, breach host barriers, establish intracellular infections or combine several of these approaches during the process of infection (Alberts et al, 2002;Hurwitz et al, 2015;Ribet and Cossart, 2015). The combination of tissue culture with microscopy is well suited to recapitulate and document these complex microenvironments, and is an excellent tool for the in vitro study of host-pathogen interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging host–pathogen interactions using epithelial and bacterial cell infection models

Park

Wright

Roach

et al. 2021

Journal of Cell Science

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The age-old saying, seeing is believing, could not be truer when we think about the value of imaging interactions between epithelial cells and bacterial pathogens. Imaging and culturing techniques have vastly improved over the years, and the breadth and depth of these methods is ever increasing. These technical advances have benefited researchers greatly; however, due to the large number of potential model systems and microscopy techniques to choose from, it can be overwhelming to select the most appropriate tools for your research question. This Review discusses a variety of available epithelial culturing methods and quality control experiments that can be performed, and outlines various options commonly used to fluorescently label bacterial and mammalian cell components. Both light- and electron-microscopy techniques are reviewed, with descriptions of both technical aspects and common applications. Several examples of imaging bacterial pathogens and their interactions with epithelial cells are discussed to provide researchers with an idea of the types of biological questions that can be successfully answered by using microscopy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging host–pathogen interactions using epithelial and bacterial cell infection models

Park

Wright

Roach

et al. 2021

Journal of Cell Science

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Cigarette smoke and platelet-activating factor receptor dependent adhesion ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto lower airway cells

Grigg

Walters

Sohal

et al. 2012

Thorax

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Bovine colostrum as a biologic in clinical medicine: A review – Part II: Clinical studies

Struff¹,

Sprotte²

2008

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Bo vine colostrum as a bi o logic in clin i cal med i cine: A re view-Part II Ab stract. The value of bo vine colostrum as a bi o logic in med i cine is doc u mented in clin i cal tri als and sup ported by rel a tively large databases con tain ing case re ports and an ec dotal find ings. The main ac tions in clude an an ti bac te rial ef fect and mod u la tion of the im mune re sponse. The abil ity of bo vine colos trum con cen trates (BCC are polyvalent bo vine colostrum con cen trates pro duced from the colos trums of sev eral 100 cows) to neu tral ize lipopolysaccharides, i.e. endo tox ins aris ing from Gram-neg a tive bac te rial pathogens and to in hibit enterogenic endotoxemia in an i mal mod els as shown in the last re view to have its coun ter part in pa tient ther apy. Clin ical tri als with BCC pro vide ev i dence that oral ap pli ca tion re duces the in flux of LPS from the gut and this ap pears to be a ma jor mech anism un der ly ing its ther a peu tic ef fect in patients at risk for Gram-neg a tive sep tic shock; data from two well-con trolled clin i cal stud ies with a to tal of 100 sur gi cal pa tients have shown that the in hi bi tion of in tes ti nal LPS absorp tion mea sured af ter the ap pli ca tion of BCC not only re duced the LPS lev els in the pe riph eral blood but also in flam ma tory param e ters like IL-6 and CRP were found to be di min ished. The usual daily dose of the com mer cially avail able BCC prep a ra tion, Lactobin ® (LC1) is 10-20 g daily, but higher doses can be used in the ma jor ity of pa tients be cause of the low in ci dence of in tol er ance prob lems. In chronic di ar rhea in volv ing severe forms of sec ond ary immunodeficiencies, pa tients re ceiv ing LC1 were disease-free for about 4 weeks but the re sponse may be lower in pa tients with AIDS. BCC is ef fec tive in in fants with hem or rhagic di ar rhea caused by in fec tions with enterohemorrhagic E. coli and re duces the like li hood of the disease pro gress ing to a hemolytic uremic syndrome. The safety of newer BCC prod ucts ob tained from BSE-free re gions seems now be yond con ten tion. In the case of LC1, which was used as a com mer cial di etary food stuff in Ger many un til 1992 and tested in three Phase 1 and 5 clin i cal stud ies (two tri als in pa tients with sec ond ary immunodeficiencies, one in sur gi cal pa tients with gas tro in tes ti nal dis orders, one in pa tients un der go ing open heart sur gery and one in pe di at ric pa tients with EHEC in fec tions), there were no cases of BSE-as so ci ated dis ease such as the new variant of Creutz feldt-Jakob dis ease. Side ef fects of clin i cal rel e vance are lim ited to pos si ble in tol er ance to lac tose and sen si tiv ity to milk pro teins as these are also pres ent in many com monly used food stuffs. Im por tant syn ergis tic ac tions with con ven tional drug ther apies have been ob served with BCC in clud ing a re duc tion in LPS plasma lev els in pa tients with Gram-neg a tive bac te rial in fec tions treated with bac te ri cidal an ti bi ot ics...

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Bacterial Interactions with Mucosal Epithelial Cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 217 publications

Imaging host–pathogen interactions using epithelial and bacterial cell infection models

Imaging host–pathogen interactions using epithelial and bacterial cell infection models

Cigarette smoke and platelet-activating factor receptor dependent adhesion ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto lower airway cells

Bovine colostrum as a biologic in clinical medicine: A review – Part II: Clinical studies

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