Bacterial infections of the oral mucosa

Dahlén, Gunnar

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00295.x

Cited by 67 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…Although some limitations exist, T-RFLP is useful for comparisons of oral microbiota, especially in analyses using a large number of samples. The oral indigenous microbiota is thought to serve as a defensive barrier against the establishment of more pathogenic bacteria (7). Our results clearly demonstrated that the oral indigenous microbiota is disrupted by the use of enteral feeding, allowing health-threatening bacteria to thrive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Enteral Tube Feeding Alters the Oral Indigenous Microbiota in Elderly Adults

Takeshita

Yasui

Tomioka

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Enteral tube feeding is widely used to maintain nutrition for elderly adults with eating difficulties, but its long-term use alters the environment of the oral ecosystem. This study characterized the tongue microbiota of tube-fed elderly adults by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiles of 44 tube-fed subjects were compared with those of 54 subjects fed orally (average age, 86.4 ؎ 6.9 years). Bar-coded pyrosequencing data were also obtained for a subset of the subjects from each group (15 tube-fed subjects and 16 subjects fed orally). The T-RFLP profiles demonstrated that the microbiota of the tube-fed subjects was distinct from that of the subjects fed orally (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [perMANOVA], P < 0.001). The pyrosequencing data revealed that 22 bacterial genera, including Corynebacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Fusobacterium, were significantly more predominant in tube-fed subjects, whereas the dominant genera in the subjects fed orally, such as Streptococcus and Veillonella, were present in much lower proportions. Opportunistic pathogens rarely detected in the normal oral microbiota, such as Corynebacterium striatum and Streptococcus agalactiae, were often found in high proportions in tube-fed subjects. The oral indigenous microbiota is disrupted by the use of enteral feeding, allowing health-threatening bacteria to thrive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Enteral Tube Feeding Alters the Oral Indigenous Microbiota in Elderly Adults

Takeshita

Yasui

Tomioka

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…However, once established on the tooth surface after eruption of the permanent teeth, an individual's normal microbiome is in a steady-state condition and stable unless the immune system is challenged or a dysbiosis develops. Examples of such conditions are AIDS or following medication with cytotoxic drugs in cancer treatment, where immunocompromised individuals commonly experience an overgrowth of yeast (Candida) or enterics in the oral cavity [Samaranayake et al, 2009;Dahlen, 2009]. Moreover, at any given location modification of the composition of the microbiota may occur caused, for example, by antibiotic treatments [Crielaard, 2013].…”

Section: The Human Oral Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they are unable to compete with the streptococci and others of the oral core microbiome. Although they are not regularly found in the oral cavity, and as such are not considered as oral microorganisms, they can under certain circumstances cause serious infections, for example, opportunistic infections or superinfections [Dahlen, 2009]. Opportunistic infections may also occur as a result of microorganisms having an unusual access to the "inside" (sterile host tissues) of the body, for example via trauma, translocation, ulceration or implants (localized opportunistic infection).…”

Section: The Core Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Caries and Periodontitis: Contesting the Conventional Wisdom on Their Aetiology

Manji¹,

Dahlén

Fejerskov

2018

Caries Res

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We review the literature on the oral microbiome and the role of the microbiota in the development of dental caries and periodontitis. While most research has been focused on identifying one or more specific determinants of these diseases, the results have provided limited predictive value and have not been able to explain the variation in the distribution of these diseases observed in epidemiological or clinical studies. Drawing on existing knowledge about the nature of the oral microbiota, we suggest that a stochastic model based on the Weiner process provides simple and parsimonious explanations for the pathogenesis of both caries and periodontitis, making few assumptions, and providing explanations for phenomena that have hitherto proved difficult, or have required complex arguments, to explain. These diseases occur as the result of the dental hard tissues and periodontal tissues integrating the random “noise” caused by normal metabolic activities of commensal microorganisms in the dental biofilm. The processes that result in the progression and regression of caries and periodontitis may be considered as “natural,” rather than pathological, even if, when left unchecked over long periods of time, they can result in the development of pathologies. The likelihood of progression or regression can be influenced by other determinants, but these processes will nevertheless occur in the absence of such influences. The distributional characteristics of the model approximate the findings of epidemiological studies indicating that, for both caries and periodontitis, there will be few sites affected in the early period after the eruption of the permanent dentition, but in those older there is an almost linear relationship with increasing age; furthermore, the longer a site survives without being affected, the less likely that it will be affected. We discuss the clinical and public health importance of these findings.

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“…Infections of the oral mucosa, either of bacterial, fungal or viral origin, are of particular importance. Due to the escalation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infections and other immunodeficient conditions in recent years, the resurgence of oral mucosal infections as trivial illnesses has been observed [54][55][56]. It has been estimated that approximately 50% of people who are HIV-positive acquire oral coinfections [57].…”

Section: Oral Mucosal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Local Treatment of the Oral Cavity

2015

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Good oral health is of major importance for general health and well-being. Several innovative drug delivery systems have been developed for the local treatment and prevention of various diseases in the oral cavity. However, there are currently few optimal systems and many therapeutic challenges still remain, including low drug efficacy and retention at targeted site of action. The present review provides an insight into the latest drug delivery strategies for the local treatment and prevention of the four most common oral pathologies, namely, dental caries, periodontitis, oral mucosal infections and oral cancer. The potential of bioadhesive formulations, nanoparticulate platforms, multifunctional systems and photodynamic methodologies to improve therapy and prophylaxis in future local applications for the oral cavity will be discussed.

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Bacterial infections of the oral mucosa

Cited by 67 publications

References 168 publications

Enteral Tube Feeding Alters the Oral Indigenous Microbiota in Elderly Adults

Enteral Tube Feeding Alters the Oral Indigenous Microbiota in Elderly Adults

Caries and Periodontitis: Contesting the Conventional Wisdom on Their Aetiology

Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Local Treatment of the Oral Cavity

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