Bacterial infections in solid organ transplant recipients

Abstract

Purpose of review Bacteria are the leading cause of infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, significantly impacting patient outcome. Recently detailed and comprehensive epidemiological data have been published. Recent finding This literature review aims to provide an overview of bacterial infections affecting different types of SOT recipients, emphasizing underlying risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Summary Lung transplantation connects two microbiotas: one derived from the donor's lower respiratory tract with one from the recipient's upper respiratory tract. Similarly, liver transplantation involves a connection to the digestive tract and its microbiota through the bile ducts. For heart transplant recipients, specific factors are related to the management strategies for end-stage heart failure based with different circulatory support tools. Kidney and kidney–pancreas transplant recipients commonly experience asymptomatic bacteriuria, but recent studies have suggested the absence of benefice of routine treatment. Bloodstream infections (BSI) are frequent and affect all SOT recipients. Nonorgan-related risk factors as age, comorbidity index score, and leukopenia contribute to BSI development. Bacterial opportunistic infections have become rare in the presence of efficient prophylaxis. Understanding the epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of bacterial infections in SOT recipients is crucial for effective management and improved patient outcomes.

Ewingella americana Infections in Humans—A Narrative Review

“…Infections are a leading cause of mortality in patients who are solid organ transplantation recipients, with differences depending on the organ that has been transplanted. The infection risk in solid organ transplant recipients can be related to the organ that has been transplanted and the immunosuppressive treatment [ 44 , 45 ]. For example, patients with kidney transplantation are at an increased risk for urinary tract infections, especially for the first six months after kidney transplantation [ 46 ].…”