Bacterial farming by the fungus<i>Morchella crassipes</i>

Pion, Martin; Spangenberg, Jorge E.; Simon, Anaële; Bindschedler, Saskia; Flury, Coralie; Chatelain, Auriel P.; Bshary, Redouan; Job, Daniel; Junier, Pilar

doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2242

Cited by 75 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Recent work suggests that the manner in which PHB resources are hoarded is conditional, with a rhizobial strain producing fewer high-PHB cells when low competitor density predicts only short-term starvation (118) and can thus be understood as a hoarding strategy in response to competition. This system, and others like Dictyostelium farming (85) and the ectomycorrhizal soil fungus Morchella crassipes farming Pseudomonas putida bacteria as a carbon source (86), can be used to study under what conditions scarce resources are held, so they can be either used later or traded for a greater profit in the future.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Microbial Markets Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of microbial markets

Werner

Strassmann

Ivens

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

139

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Biological market theory has been used successfully to explain cooperative behavior in many animal species. Microbes also engage in cooperative behaviors, both with hosts and other microbes, that can be described in economic terms. However, a market approach is not traditionally used to analyze these interactions. Here, we extend the biological market framework to ask whether this theory is of use to evolutionary biologists studying microbes. We consider six economic strategies used by microbes to optimize their success in markets. We argue that an economic market framework is a useful tool to generate specific and interesting predictions about microbial interactions, including the evolution of partner discrimination, hoarding strategies, specialized versus diversified mutualistic services, and the role of spatial structures, such as flocks and consortia. There is untapped potential for studying the evolutionary dynamics of microbial systems. Market theory can help structure this potential by characterizing strategic investment of microbes across a diversity of conditions. cooperation | mutualism | trade | partner choice

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Section: The Evolution Of Microbial Markets Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of microbial markets

Werner

Strassmann

Ivens

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Glass fibers were used to simulate hyphae surrounded by liquid films (16,18) and to exclude effects of hyphal activities on bacterial growth and nutrition (38)(39)(40)(41) to avoid additional complexity that might mask effects attributable to the promotion of bacterial dispersal at a lowered ⌿ m .…”

Section: Effects Of Dispersal Network On Bacterial Dispersal At Diffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycelium-Like Networks Increase Bacterial Dispersal, Growth, and Biodegradation in a Model Ecosystem at Various Water Potentials

Worrich

König

Miltner

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e Fungal mycelia serve as effective dispersal networks for bacteria in water-unsaturated environments, thereby allowing bacteria to maintain important functions, such as biodegradation. However, poor knowledge exists on the effects of dispersal networks at various osmotic (⌿ o ) and matric (⌿ m ) potentials, which contribute to the water potential mainly in terrestrial soil environments. Here we studied the effects of artificial mycelium-like dispersal networks on bacterial dispersal dynamics and subsequent effects on growth and benzoate biodegradation at ⌬⌿ o and ⌬⌿ m values between 0 and ؊1.5 MPa. In a multiple-microcosm approach, we used a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged derivative of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440 as a model organism and sodium benzoate as a representative of polar aromatic contaminants. We found that decreasing ⌬⌿ o and ⌬⌿ m values slowed bacterial dispersal in the system, leading to decelerated growth and benzoate degradation. In contrast, dispersal networks facilitated bacterial movement at ⌬⌿ o and ⌬⌿ m values between 0 and ؊0.5 MPa and thus improved the absolute biodegradation performance by up to 52 and 119% for ⌬⌿ o and ⌬⌿ m , respectively. This strong functional interrelationship was further emphasized by a high positive correlation between population dispersal, population growth, and degradation. We propose that dispersal networks may sustain the functionality of microbial ecosystems at low osmotic and matric potentials.

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“…Several studies demonstrated a positive effect of bacteria-fungi interactions on ecosystem services such as increased transformation of anthropogenic and natural compounds in soil (Boonchan et al, 2000;Warmink et al, 2011;Banitz et al, 2011b;Pion et al, 2013a). However, bacterial dispersal along mycelia could also evoke antagonistic effects such as the mutual inhibition or competition between bacteria and fungi (Rousk et al, 2008;Pion et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catch me if you can: dispersal and foraging ofBdellovibrio bacteriovorus109J along mycelia

et al. 2016

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To cope with heterogeneous environments and resource distributions, filamentous fungi have evolved a spatially extensive growth enabling their hyphae to penetrate air-water interfaces and pass through air-filled pores. Such mycelia are also known to act as dispersal networks for the mobilisation of bacteria ('fungal highways') and connection of microbial microhabitats. Hitherto, however, nothing is known about the effect of mycelia-based dispersal on interactions between bacterial predators and their prey and concomitant effects on biomass formation. We here hypothesise that mycelia enable the contact between predators and their prey and shape a prey's population. We investigated the impact of predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J on the growth of its potential prey Pseudomonas fluorescens LP6a in the presence of mycelia. Our data give evidence that hyphae increase the accessibility of the prey to B. bacteriovorus 109J and, hence, allow for efficient foraging and shaping of prey populations not seen in the absence of mycelia. To test our hypothesis tailored microbial landscapes were used for better reduction of emerging properties in complex systems. Our data suggest that mycelia have substantial influence on prey-predator relationship and hereby may promote the structure of prey and predator populations and, hence, may be a determinant for biomass formation in heterogeneous environments.

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Bacterial farming by the fungusMorchella crassipes

Cited by 75 publications

References 54 publications

Evolution of microbial markets

Evolution of microbial markets

Mycelium-Like Networks Increase Bacterial Dispersal, Growth, and Biodegradation in a Model Ecosystem at Various Water Potentials

Catch me if you can: dispersal and foraging ofBdellovibrio bacteriovorus109J along mycelia

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