Bacterial diversity obtained by culturable approaches in the gut of Glossina pallidipes population from a non sleeping sickness focus in Tanzania: preliminary results

Abstract

BackgroundGlossina pallidipes is a haematophagous insect that serves as a cyclic transmitter of trypanosomes causing African Trypanosomiasis (AT). To fully assess the role of G. pallidipes in the epidemiology of AT, especially the human form of the disease (HAT), it is essential to know the microbial diversity inhabiting the gut of natural fly populations. This study aimed to examine the diversity of G. pallidipes fly gut bacteria by culture-dependent approaches.Results113 bacterial isolates were obtained from aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms originating from the gut of G. pallidipes. 16S rDNA of each isolate was PCR amplified and sequenced. The overall majority of identified bacteria belonged in descending order to the Firmicutes (86.6%), Actinobacteria (7.6%), Proteobacteria (5.5%)and Bacteroidetes (0.3%). Diversity of Firmicutes was found higher when enrichments and isolation were performed under anaerobic conditions than aerobic ones. Experiments conducted in the absence of oxygen (anaerobiosis) led to the isolation of bacteria pertaining to four phyla (83% Firmicutes, 15% Actinobacteria, 1% Proteobacteria and 0.5% Bacteroidetes, whereas those conducted in the presence of oxygen (aerobiosis) led to the isolation of bacteria affiliated to two phyla only (90% Firmicutes and 10% Proteobacteria). Phylogenetic analyses placed these isolates into 11 genera namely Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Mesorhizobium, Paracoccus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Corynobacterium, Curtobacterium, Vagococcus and Dietzia spp.which are known to be either facultative anaerobes, aerobes, or even microaerobes.ConclusionThis study shows that G. pallidipes fly gut is an environmental reservoir for a vast number of bacterial species, which are likely to be important for ecological microbial well being of the fly and possibly on differing vectorial competence and refractoriness against AT epidemiology.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1288-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Ontogeny, species identity, and environment dominate microbiome dynamics in wild populations of kissing bugs (Triatominae)

“…lecticularia . Dietzia has been described from other triatomine species [ 40 , 41 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 51 ] and other hematophagous insects ( Aedes albopictus [ 110 ], Glossina pallidipes [ 111 ]), suggesting it may be an important mutualist. However, unlike typical primary symbionts, Dietzia does not seem to be transmitted vertically.…”

“…In our results, Dietzia, a bacterium closely related to Rhodococcus [109], is the dominant bacterium in late instars of T. rubida, T. protracta, and T. lecticularia. Dietzia has been described from other triatomine species [40,41,43,46,47,51] and other hematophagous insects (Aedes albopictus [110], Glossina pallidipes [111]), suggesting it may be an important mutualist. However, unlike typical primary symbionts, Dietzia does not seem to be transmitted vertically.…”

Culturable Bacterial Community on Leaves of Assam Tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) in Thailand and Human Probiotic Potential of Isolated Bacillus spp.

“…The microbes found on Assam tea leaf surfaces revealed an abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria phyla, which have been commonly found in the environment including soils, leaves, stems, and roots, as well as skin of human and animals [ 66 ]. In this study, all diversity indices indicated that Phayao province had the highest bacterial biodiversity, while Phrae province had the lowest.…”

Ontogeny, species identity and environment dominate microbiome dynamics in wild populations of kissing bugs (Triatominae)

“…In our results, Dietzia, a bacterium closely related to Rhodococcus [93], is the dominant bacterium in late instars of T. rubida, T. protracta, and T. lecticularia. Dietzia has been described from other triatomine species [33,35,36,[42][43][44] and other hematophagous insects (Aedes albopictus [94], Glossina pallidipes [95]), suggesting it may be an important mutualist. However, unlike typical primary symbionts, Dietzia does not seem to be transmitted vertically.…”