Bacterial diversity dominates variable macrophage responses of tuberculosis patients in Tanzania

Abstract

TheMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTBC) comprises nine human-adapted lineages that differ in their geographical distribution. Local adaptation of specific MTBC genotypes to the respective human host population has been invoked in this context. Here, we generated macrophages from cryopreserved blood mononuclear cells of Tanzanian tuberculosis patients, from which the infecting MTBC strains had previously been phylogenetically characterized. We infected these macrophages ex vivo with a phylogenetically similar MTBC strain (“matched infection”) or with strains representative of other MTBC lineages (“mismatched infection”). We found that L1 infections resulted in a significantly lower bacterial burden and that the intra-cellular replication rate of L2 strains was significantly higher compared the other MTBC lineages, irrespective of the MTBC lineage originally infecting the patients. Moreover, L4-infected macrophages released significantly greater amounts of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MIP-1β, and IL-1β compared to macrophages infected by all other strains. Taken together, while our results revealed no measurable effect of local adaptation, they further highlight the strong impact of MTBC phylogenetic diversity on the variable outcome of the host-pathogen interaction in human tuberculosis.