Bacterial contamination and the toxicity of silicate and zinc phosphate cements

Watts, A.

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4804190

Cited by 51 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Kalzinol is the only material which has produced pulpal inflammation in our studies using germ-free animals. We have previously tested a range of materials as pulp-capping agents in this model, including metallic salts, corticosteroids, calcium hydroxide, silicate and zinc phosphate cements (Paterson 1976, Watts 1979, 1981, Watts & Paterson 1981. However, the inflammation with Kalzinol was very localized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such leakage can result in the contamination of cavity floors with bacteria. Several authors (Brannstrom et al 1976, Paterson 1976, Watts 1979, Watts & Paterson 1983) have demonstrated the relationship between pulpal inflammation and bacterial presence. However, there is no consensus as to whether materials alone can provoke inflammation in the pulp, in the absence of bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulpal response to a zinc oxide–eugenol cement

Watts¹,

Paterson²

1987

Int Endodontic J

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Summary. The British Standards Institution have produced a recommended testing procedure for toxicity of dental materials; this advocates the use of a zinc oxide—eugenol cement such as Kalzinol, as a bland control in deep cavities. In this study, Kalzinol was applied directly to the exposed pulps of germ‐free rat molar teeth. This resulted in pulpal inflammation in contact with the material; when dentine particles separated Kalzinol from the pulp, calcific repair tissue was observed without inflammation or necrosis. Further investigation is required into suitable control materials for use in toxicity testing of restorative and lining materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulpal response to a zinc oxide–eugenol cement

Watts¹,

Paterson²

1987

Int Endodontic J

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“…Other workers have also demonstrated large numbers of microorganisms at the material/cavity wall interface in cavities filled with silicates (29-34) and composites (34)(35)(36)(37). The possibility that bacterial microleakage may complicate the interpretation of puljial responses observed beneath cavities filled with a variety of experimental materials is now widely recognized (5,33,34,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Bacterial Microleakagementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial microleakage and pulpal inflammation: A review

Browne¹,

Tobias²

1986

Dental Traumatology

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The evidence relating microbial microleakage and pulpal inflammation is reviewed. In vitro experiments show that all current dental materials permit fluid microleakage at the material/cavity wall interface. in vivo, this fluid microleakage is accompanied by bacterial growth, unless the material has lasting antibacterial properties. An association does exist between the presence of bacteria at the material/cavity wall interface and the presence of pulpal inflammation. The role of the smear layer m minimizing the harmful effects of microbial microleakage and of chemical toxicity of restorative material is reviewed. Further research should be aimed at eliminating microleakage by the development of more fully adhesive materials or by improving their antibacterial properties.

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“…In view of the overall similarity of the pulpal responses observed, it seems reasonable to conclude that the bacterial environment is at least as important as the degree of trauma inflicted in determining the response of the pulp following mechanical exposure. Paterson (1976) and Watts (1979) have demonstrated the role of bacteria in determining the pulpal response to different materials. It appears that the degree of trauma and the composition of the material have a limited effect on pulpal response compared with the more important effect of bacterial contamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulp response to and cariogenicity of, a strain of of Streptococcus mutans

Paterson¹,

Watts²

1989

Int Endodontic J

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Gnotobiotic rats mono-infected with Streptococcus mutans (NCTC 10919) were maintained on a high sucrose diet in an isolator. When they were 8 weeks old the pulps of their maxillary first and second molars were mechanically exposed and left open to the oral environment. The rats were sacrificed in groups after 7 and 28 days. Thirty-seven teeth were available for study in the 7-day group, and 30 teeth in the 28-day group. The test S. mutans was non-cariogenic. After 7 days, necrosis of the superficial layers of the pulp was noted; however, after 28 days pulpal necrosis was much more extensive and calcific repair was observed in only one-third of the teeth examined. The microorganism did not provoke inflammation in the pulp or periapical tissues. This is the second strain of S. mutans tested in this manner. These results are very similar to those reported previously for S. mutans (NCTC 10449) and strengthens the view that organisms of the S. mutans group have a low pathogenicity for the pulp.

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Bacterial contamination and the toxicity of silicate and zinc phosphate cements

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Pulpal response to a zinc oxide–eugenol cement

Pulpal response to a zinc oxide–eugenol cement

Microbial microleakage and pulpal inflammation: A review

Pulp response to and cariogenicity of, a strain of of Streptococcus mutans

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