Bacterial contamination and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of intensive care units medical equipment and inanimate surfaces at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

Darge, Addis; Kahsay, Atsebaha Gebrekidan; Hailekiros, Haftamu; Niguse, Selam; Abdulkader, Mahmud

doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4658-5

Cited by 34 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The susceptibility pattern of E. coli was consistent with results of recent studies done in Ethiopia. 12 , 13 Also, our results are in accordance with the outcome of a study reporting that Serratia spp. were highly susceptible to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…were the most commonly isolated bacteria, followed by Klebsiella spp. 13 The prevalence of Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to amikacin and chloramphenicol were by and large similar to those revealed by earlier works. 13 , 18 Apart from Klebsiella spp., other Gram-negative bacilli, such as Citrobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Enterobacter spp., E. coli , and Serratia spp., exhibited appreciable resistance to the same antibiotics. A similar trend of resistance has been documented in various studies done in different locales of Ethiopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnitude, Diversity, and Antibiograms of Bacteria Isolated from Patient-Care Equipment and Inanimate Objects of Selected Wards in Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Birru¹,

Mengistu²,

Siraj³

et al. 2021

RRTM

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Intoduction Patient-care equipment and inanimate objects contaminated with bacteria are a persistent problem in countries like Ethiopia, and remain overlooked. This study aimed to elucidate the magnitude of contaminations, diversity, and antimicrobial-susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from selected wards of Arba Minch General Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods Samples were inoculated into bacteriological media and identified by biochemical characterization, followed by antimicrobial-susceptibility tests. Results Of the 99 inanimate objects and items of patient-care equipment examined, 71 (71.7%) showed contamination: 26 (76.4%) from the surgical ward and 22 (66.6%) and 23 (71.8%), respectively, from the pediatric ward and neonatal intensive care unit. In the case of Gram-positive bacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 52.2%) were predominant, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (47.7%), whereas common Gram-negative counterparts were Acinetobacter spp. (28.5%) and Klebsiella spp. (23.8%). Antibiograms of S. aureus and CoNS showed 100% and 78% resistance, respectively, against penicillin. Isolates of Acinetobacter spp. showed 100% resistance to ceftriaxone and ampicillin, whereas those of Klebsiella spp. displayed complete resistance against ampicillin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. All isolates of Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli , and Serratia spp. exhibited 100% resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Overall prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria was 57.7%. Conclusion A stringent infection-vigilance program comprising routine sampling from equipment and inanimate objects combined with antimicrobial-resistance surveillance and decontamination efforts must be instituted promptly.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…were the most commonly isolated bacteria, followed by Klebsiella spp. 13 The prevalence of Citrobacter spp. and Enterobacter spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnitude, Diversity, and Antibiograms of Bacteria Isolated from Patient-Care Equipment and Inanimate Objects of Selected Wards in Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Birru¹,

Mengistu²,

Siraj³

et al. 2021

RRTM

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“…Surfaces. These are a surface of the inert hospital environment and the surface of the material used during patient treatment and management such as bedside tables, mattress, computers, computer standing tables, ophthalmic solutions or multidose eye drops, white coats/scrubs, telephone/cell phones, and handwashing sink [5,12,28].…”

Section: Inanimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Inanimate Surfaces and Equipment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Kiros

Damtie

Eyayu

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Background. Hospital-acquired infections have remained a serious cause of mortality, morbidity, and extended hospitalization. Bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces of the hospital environment and equipment is considered a major contributing factor to the development of several nosocomial infections worldwide. The hospital environment and many devices are an important reservoir of many clinically important bacterial agents including multidrug-resistant pathogens. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis are aimed at investigating bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns of inanimate surfaces and equipment in Ethiopia. Methods. An exhaustive literature search was carried out using the major electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Wiley online library to identify potentially relevant studies without date restriction. Original articles which address the research question were identified, screened, and included using the PRISMA flow diagram. Data extraction was prepared in Microsoft Excel, and data quality was assessed by using 9-point Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Then, data were exported to STATA 16.0 software for analyses of pooled estimation of outcome measures. Estimation of outcome measures at a 95% confidence interval was performed using DerSimonian-Laird’s random-effects model. Finally, results were presented via text, figures, and tables. Results. A total of 18 studies with 3058 bacterial isolates recovered from 3423 swab specimens were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces and equipment was found 70% (95% CI: 59, 82). Among the Gram-negative bacterial species, the prevalence of ampicillin-resistant K. pneumoniae was the highest 80% (95% CI: 78, 92) followed by Citrobacter species 78% (95% CI: 57, 83). Conclusion. This study has shown a high prevalence of bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces and equipment in Ethiopia.

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“…The prevalence of ICU acquired infections in developed countries is around 5-10%, while their prevalence exceeds 2-20 times higher in developing countries 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Colonization of Intensive Care Unit Environment and Healthcare Workers in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolar Region, India

Kalyani¹,

Arvind²,

Kumar³

et al. 2021

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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Direct shedding of microbes by patients and health care workers results in contamination of Intensive care unit environment. Intensive care unit acquired infections due to microbial contamination is a major concern because the patient’s immunity is already compromised. To determine the rate of bacterial contamination on environmental surfaces of Intensive care unit and health care workers and to determine the antibiogram of the isolates. Air samples and swabs from healthcare workers, their accessories, surrounding environmental surfaces were collected randomly over a period of 2 months in Adult Intensive care units. Bacterial isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and data analyzed by Statistical Product and Service Solutions 22 version software. A total of 208 samples were randomly collected over 2 months, of which 56 samples yielded positive bacterial growth. Of 56 growth, 12 isolates were detected from air sampling method and 44 isolates from swabs. Among 44 isolates identified from swabs, 10 were isolated from healthcare workers, 4 from health care worker’s accessories and 30 from environmental surfaces. Six different bacterial isolates were identified, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (24) and Micrococcus (15) were the major isolates followed by Non fermenters (6), Staphylococcus aureus(4), Bacillus species(4) and diphtheroids (3) The antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of these bacterial isolates were sensitive to commonly used antibacterial agents. Study results showed Intensive care unit staff and environmental surfaces as probable sources of bacterial contamination. Study highlights the importance of cleaning and disinfection process and educate the health care workers about the possible sources of infections within Intensive care unit.

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Bacterial contamination and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of intensive care units medical equipment and inanimate surfaces at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Magnitude, Diversity, and Antibiograms of Bacteria Isolated from Patient-Care Equipment and Inanimate Objects of Selected Wards in Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Magnitude, Diversity, and Antibiograms of Bacteria Isolated from Patient-Care Equipment and Inanimate Objects of Selected Wards in Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia

Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Inanimate Surfaces and Equipment in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Bacterial Colonization of Intensive Care Unit Environment and Healthcare Workers in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolar Region, India

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