Bacterial contaminants of collected and frozen human milk used in an intensive care nursery

El-Mohandes, Ayman E.; Schatz, Vivian; Keiser, John; Jackson, Barbara

doi:10.1016/0196-6553(93)90413-x

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We do not recommend this due to the risk of scalding. El-Mohandes et al (1993) also reported that teaching mothers how to improve their technique reduced contamination rates. Boo et al (2001) found that hand expressing produces less contaminated milk than using a hand pump although Pittard et al (1991) did not find this in a study using electrical pumps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, according to El-Mohandes et al (1993) we should also acknowledge that providing such infants with their mother's breast milk poses practical difficulties in ensuring adequate disinfection of collecting equipment. Ng et al (1995) reported a possible link between heavily bacterially contaminated breast milk and NEC in one set of preterm twins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Decontaminating breast pump collection kits for use on a Neonatal Unit

Gilks

Gould

Price

2007

Journal of Neonatal Nursing

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Decontaminating breast pump collection kits for use on a Neonatal Unit

Gilks

Gould

Price

2007

Journal of Neonatal Nursing

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“…3 It has been reported that maternal hygiene affects milk colonization rates. 11 The method of milk expression and collection also may affect colonization patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Because expressed milk comes in contact with foreign surfaces it may contain common skin bacterial flora and microbial species introduced via the collection apparatus. 3,4 Although case reports suggest that milk may be a source of infection, fewer infections and infection-related events are reported in extremely premature infants if fed their mothers' milk (MM). [5][6][7][8][9][10] Nevertheless, some clinicians order bacterial cultures of MM and await the results of the screening before allowing the milk to be fed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastmilk cultures and infection in extremely premature infants

et al. 2011

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Objective: As expressed mother's milk (MM) is known to be colonized by microbial species, it is occasionally considered as a source of infection in premature infants, prompting some clinicians to obtain milk bacterial culture results before infant feeding. To determine whether serial microbial cultures of MM predict infection in premature infants.Study Design: Milk microbial flora was determined by plate counts from aliquots of MM obtained from 161 mothers of infants born <30 weeks gestation (n ¼ 209). Pathogens isolated from the same infant were tabulated.Result: Milk samples (n ¼ 813) yielded 1963 isolates. There were no relationships between microbial counts and maternal age, ethnicity, education, skin-to-skin contact and infant infection. In 64 infants, milk and pathological isolates had presumptively the same Gram-positive organism, yet the odds of infection before or after exposure to milk containing that Gram-positive organism were not significant (1.18; 95% confidence interval ¼ 0.51, 2.76). In eight infants, milk and pathological isolates had presumptively the same Gram-negative organism, which appeared sporadically in milk, either before or after isolation in the infant. Conclusion:Results of initial milk cultures do not predict subsequent culture results. Random milk cultures, even if obtained at any time during hospitalization, are not predictive of infection in premature infants. The sporadic nature of the appearance of certain isolates, however, suggests common exposure of both mother and infant. Routine milk cultures do not provide sufficient data to be useful in clinical management.

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“…31 In general, previous studies have revealed low proportions with coliform contamination (Enterobacter ,1%-7%, E coli 0%-2%, Klebsiella sp 0.4%-9%) compared with 44% of Internet samples here. 19,[32][33][34][35] Staphylococcus epidermidis and Viridans streptococci are common skin flora and not usually pathogenic. The prevalence of Staphylococcus sp in the …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Contamination of Human Milk Purchased Via the Internet

2013

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Bacterial contaminants of collected and frozen human milk used in an intensive care nursery

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Decontaminating breast pump collection kits for use on a Neonatal Unit

Decontaminating breast pump collection kits for use on a Neonatal Unit

Breastmilk cultures and infection in extremely premature infants

Microbial Contamination of Human Milk Purchased Via the Internet

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