Bacterial composition of midgut and entire body of laboratory colonies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Southern China

Abstract

Background Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are invasive mosquito species and significantly impact human health in southern China. Microbiota are confirmed to affect the development and immunity of mosquitoes. However, scientists have focused more on midgut microbiota of female mosquitoes and bacterial differences between female and male Aedes mosquitoes. The relationship between the midgut and entire body microbiota of Aedes is unclear. In this study, we collected mosquito samples reared under the same laboratory conditions and compared the microbial composition of midgut and entire bodies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Methods In this study, we collected mosquito samples reared under the same laboratory conditions and compared the microbial composition of midgut and entire bodies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results A total of 341 OTUs were identified, showing that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum and Methylobacterium the dominant genus in both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The bacterial diversity and community structures of the entire bodies were similar between males and females in both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Conversely, the bacterial compositions of male and female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were significantly different. NMDS analysis, UPGMA analysis, diversity indices and OTU distribution demonstrated that compositions and structures in midgut microbiota were similar but significantly different in the entire bodies of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Functional prediction analysis showed that metabolism and environmental information processing were the dominant KEGG pathways at level 1. Our study showed that there were significantly different level 2 and 3 KEGG pathways in the midgut microbiota (16 level 2 and 24 level 3) and the entire bodies (33 level 2 and 248 level 3) between female Aedes albopictus and Aedes Aegypti. Conclusions Our findings that Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus reared in the same laboratory harbor a similar gut bacterial microbiome but different entire body microbiota imply that the gut microbiota of adult mosquitoes is environmentally determined regardless of the host genotype, but the entire body microbiota is more genetically determined. Our findings improved the understanding of the microbiota in the entire and partial tissues of Aedes mosquitoes. Graphical abstract

Metagenome Sequencing Reveals the Microbiome of Aedes albopictus and Its Possible Relationship With Dengue Virus Susceptibility

“…The populations of symbiotic microbes changed depending on the species, period, and diet of the mosquito ( Wang et al, 2011 ; Vogel et al, 2017 ). The main phyla of the A. albopictus microbiota were Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, all of which had been similarly reported in other mosquito species ( Pidiyar et al, 2004 ; Rani et al, 2009 ; Boissiere et al, 2012 ; Lin et al, 2021 ). Among the Proteobacteria phylum, two genera, Wolbachia and Serratia , were most associated with mosquitoes; Wolbachia stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species and activates the immune system in the body, resulting in the production of antimicrobial peptides to fight viruses ( Pan et al, 2012 ; Mains et al, 2016 ).…”

Characterization of the microbiome ofAedes albopictuspopulations in different habitats from Spain and São Tomé: implications for vector control

“…Consistent with prior research, the bacterial composition of Ae. albopictus was predominantly governed by the Wolbachia genus (Lin et al, 2021). When Wolbachia infection is highly dominant, it can “mask” the DNA of other bacteria present (Minard et al, 2014; Bennett et al, 2019) leading to undetected and unsequenced sequences.…”

“…This highly dominant infection by Wolbachia in both populations may be related to interactions between microbiome components, such as interspecific competition for resources (Brinker et al, 2019; Scolari et al, 2019) but also to laboratory rearing conditions (Lin et al, 2021). Research into the microbiota of laboratory and wild Aedes mosquitoes has revealed that both are primarily characterized by a limited number of phyla (Scolari et al, 2019).…”

Gut Microbiota and Targeted Biomarkers Analysis in Patients With Cognitive Impairment

“…Sequencing results were analyzed using the QIIME2 pipeline. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was performed to evaluate change in beta diversity of gut microbiota based on the Bray-Curtis distance ( 18 ). Differential taxa were identified using the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) ( 19 ).…”