Bacterial community structure and colonization patterns of Fagus sylvatica L. ectomycorrhizospheres as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy

Mogge, Bernhard; Loferer, C.; Agerer, Reinhard; Hutzler, Peter; Hartmann, A

doi:10.1007/pl00009991

Cited by 77 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In general, few data for uncultured bacteria in fungi have been presented (11,12,50), and only recently have a few phylogenetic studies identified an endophytic bacterium that is the endosymbiont of G. margarita and is a member of the genus Burkholderia (7) and members of the alpha and beta subclasses of the Proteobacteria detected in ectomycorrhizae of F. sylvatica, L. vellereus, and L. subdulcis (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason in this study we attempted to use a combination of morphological and molecular 16S rRNAbased approaches to survey the presence of potential bacterial endo-and epiphytes associated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber borchii Vittad. These tools have been used previously to identify endophytic bacteria such as the Burkholderia endosymbiont of Gigaspora margarita (7) and members of the alpha and beta subclasses of the Proteobacteria detected as epibionts in ectomycorrhizae of Fagus sylvatica, Lactarius vellereus, and Lactarius subdulcis (33).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic Characterization and In Situ Detection of a Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides Phylogroup Bacterium in Tuber borchii Vittad. Ectomycorrhizal Mycelium

Barbieri

Potenza

Rossi

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Mycorrhizal ascomycetous fungi are obligate ectosymbionts that colonize the roots of gymnosperms and angiosperms. In this paper we describe a straightforward approach in which a combination of morphological and molecular methods was used to survey the presence of potentially endo-and epiphytic bacteria associated with the ascomycetous ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber borchii Vittad. Universal eubacterial primers specific for the 5 and 3 ends of the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) were used for PCR amplification, direct sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. The 16S rDNA was amplified directly from four pure cultures of T. borchii Vittad. mycelium. A nearly full-length sequence of the gene coding for the prokaryotic small-subunit rRNA was obtained from each T. borchii mycelium studied. The 16S rDNA sequences were almost identical (98 to 99% similarity), and phylogenetic analysis placed them in a single unique rRNA branch belonging to the CytophagaFlexibacter-Bacteroides (CFB) phylogroup which had not been described previously. In situ detection of the CFB bacterium in the hyphal tissue of the fungus T. borchii was carried out by using 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes for the eubacterial domain and the Cytophaga-Flexibacter phylum, as well as a probe specifically designed for the detection of this mycelium-associated bacterium. Fluorescent in situ hybridization showed that all three of the probes used bound to the mycelium tissue. This study provides the first direct visual evidence of a not-yet-cultured CFB bacterium associated with a mycorrhizal fungus of the genus Tuber.The mycorrhizal ascomycetous fungi belonging to the genus Tuber, commonly called truffles, are obligate ectosymbionts that colonize the roots of gymnosperms and angiosperms (23,39,45). Ectomycorrhizal fungi are present in natural and agricultural ecosystems, provide health benefits to plants, and contribute to soil nutrient cycling. The symbiotic development of mycorrhizal fungi on plant roots has been reported to be influenced by bacteria present in the mycorrhizosphere (10,16,35,47). Although various bacterial populations, such as fluorescent Pseudomonas strains and the spore-forming bacteria Micrococcus spp., Moraxella spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Staphylococcus spp., have been isolated from truffles (3,14,20), no molecular evidence has been found concerning the relationship between these organisms and their specific locations in the Tuber host tissue. There is also no information concerning the endo-and epiphytic bacteria which throughout life or during part of the life cycle may invade the tissues of the living fungus and cause unapparent and asymptomatic infections throughout the fungal life cycle and thus during production of the mycelium, contact with the host root, and development of the ectomycorrhizae and fruit bodies.Since at least 95% of all soil bacteria have not been cultured (2, 25, 36), bacteria isolated from truffles could represent only a fraction of the entire natural bacterial community associated with truffles. For this rea...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Characterization and In Situ Detection of a Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides Phylogroup Bacterium in Tuber borchii Vittad. Ectomycorrhizal Mycelium

Barbieri

Potenza

Rossi

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Since nonphotosynthetic endobacteria are completely enclosed within the fungal hypha, they must also obtain their nutrients solely from the fungal cytoplasm. Little is known of the trophic exchanges that occur during these interactions; however, while fungal endobacteria have been observed in dead hyphae (37,255), they are generally not considered to cause hyphal damage like other mycophagous bacteria. The flow of nutrients in a BFI may not always be directed to the bacterial partner (Fig.…”

Section: Bacterial-fungal Molecular Interactions and Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Frey‐Klett

Burlinson

Deveau

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

718

531

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SUMMARY Bacteria and fungi can form a range of physical associations that depend on various modes of molecular communication for their development and functioning. These bacterial-fungal interactions often result in changes to the pathogenicity or the nutritional influence of one or both partners toward plants or animals (including humans). They can also result in unique contributions to biogeochemical cycles and biotechnological processes. Thus, the interactions between bacteria and fungi are of central importance to numerous biological questions in agriculture, forestry, environmental science, food production, and medicine. Here we present a structured review of bacterial-fungal interactions, illustrated by examples sourced from many diverse scientific fields. We consider the general and specific properties of these interactions, providing a global perspective across this emerging multidisciplinary research area. We show that in many cases, parallels can be drawn between different scenarios in which bacterial-fungal interactions are important. Finally, we discuss how new avenues of investigation may enhance our ability to combat, manipulate, or exploit bacterial-fungal complexes for the economic and practical benefit of humanity as well as reshape our current understanding of bacterial and fungal ecology.

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“…The same holds true for the mycorrhizal mantle (13,14). Besides other functions, these prokaryotes are able to catalyze the mineralization of organic matter.…”

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confidence: 75%

“…This treatment corresponds to a daily amount of 0.337 mg 15 N in excess of the natural abundance. Eight trees from each site that were not labeled with 13 C and 15 N were maintained as nonlabeled controls in another greenhouse.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal Communities on the Roots of Two Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Populations from Contrasting Climates Differ in Nitrogen Acquisition in a Common Environment

Leberecht

Dannenmann

Gschwendtner

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e Beech (Fagus sylvatica), a dominant forest species in Central Europe, competes for nitrogen with soil microbes and suffers from N limitation under dry conditions. We hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal communities and the free-living rhizosphere microbes from beech trees from sites with two contrasting climatic conditions exhibit differences in N acquisition that contribute to differences in host N uptake and are related to differences in host belowground carbon allocation. To test these hypotheses, young trees from the natural regeneration of two genetically similar populations, one from dryer conditions (located in an area with a southwest exposure [SW trees]) and the other from a cooler, moist climate (located in an area with a northeast exposure [NE trees]), were transplanted into a homogeneous substrate in the same environment and labeled with 13 CO 2 and 15 NH 4 ؉ . Freeliving rhizosphere microbes were characterized by marker genes for the N cycle, but no differences between the rhizospheres of SW or NE trees were found. Lower 15 N enrichment was found in the ectomycorrhizal communities of the NE tree communities than the SW tree communities, whereas no significant differences in 15 N enrichment were observed for nonmycorrhizal root tips of SW and NE trees. Neither the ectomycorrhizal communities nor the nonmycorrhizal root tips originating from NE and SW trees showed differences in 13 C signatures. Because the level of 15 N accumulation in fine roots and the amount transferred to leaves were lower in NE trees than SW trees, our data support the suggestion that the ectomycorrhizal community influences N transfer to its host and demonstrate that the fungal community from the dry condition was more efficient in N acquisition when environmental constraints were relieved. These findings highlight the importance of adapted ectomycorrhizal communities for forest nutrition in a changing climate.

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Bacterial community structure and colonization patterns of Fagus sylvatica L. ectomycorrhizospheres as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal laser scanning microscopy

Cited by 77 publications

References 38 publications

Phylogenetic Characterization and In Situ Detection of a Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides Phylogroup Bacterium in Tuber borchii Vittad. Ectomycorrhizal Mycelium

Phylogenetic Characterization and In Situ Detection of a Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides Phylogroup Bacterium in Tuber borchii Vittad. Ectomycorrhizal Mycelium

Bacterial-Fungal Interactions: Hyphens between Agricultural, Clinical, Environmental, and Food Microbiologists

Ectomycorrhizal Communities on the Roots of Two Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Populations from Contrasting Climates Differ in Nitrogen Acquisition in a Common Environment

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