Bacterial community dynamics during the ensilage of wilted grass

McEniry, J.; O’Kiely, P.; Clipson, Nicholas; Forristal, P. D.; Doyle, Evelyn

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03802.x

Cited by 38 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Members of the Proteobacteria, Xanthomonadales, Sphingomonadales, Enterobacteriales and Actinomycetales comprised the remainder of the microbiome in small grain silages. McEniry et al [65], observed that the population of Enterobacteria associated with grass silage declined within 48 h after ensiling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and fungal core microbiomes associated with small grain silages during ensiling and aerobic spoilage

Dunière¹,

Xu²,

Jin³

et al. 2017

BMC Microbiol

117

109

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BackgroundDescribing the microbial populations present in small grain silage and understanding their changes during ensiling is of interest for improving the nutrient value of these important forage crops. Barley, oat and triticale forages as well as an intercropped mixture of the 3 crops were harvested and ensiled in mini silos for a period of 90 days, followed by 14 days of aerobic exposure. Changes in fermentation characteristics and nutritive value were assessed in terminal silages and bacterial and fungal communities during ensiling and aerobic exposure were described using 16S and 18S rDNA sequencing, respectively.ResultsAll small grain silages exhibited chemical traits that were associated with well ensiled forages, such as low pH value (4.09 ± 0.28) and high levels of lactic acid (59.8 ± 14.59 mg/g DM). The number of microbial core genome operational taxonomic units (OTUs) decreased with time of ensiling. Taxonomic bacterial community profiles were dominated by the Lactobacillales after fermentation, with a notable increase in Bacillales as a result of aerobic exposure. Diversity of the fungal core microbiome was shown to also be reduced during ensiling. Operational taxonomic units assigned to filamentous fungi were found in the core microbiome at ensiling and after aerobic exposure, whereas the Saccharomycetales were the dominate yeast population after 90 days of ensiling and aerobic exposure. Bacterial and fungal orders typically associated with silage spoilage were identified in the core microbiome after aerobic exposure.ConclusionNext Generation Sequencing was successfully used to describe bacterial communities and the first record of fungal communities throughout the process of ensiling and utilization. Adequately describing the microbial ecology of silages could lead to improved ensiling practices and the selection of silage inoculants that act synergistically with the natural forage microbiome.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-017-0947-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and fungal core microbiomes associated with small grain silages during ensiling and aerobic spoilage

Dunière¹,

Xu²,

Jin³

et al. 2017

BMC Microbiol

117

109

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“…The DNA is separated by either gel or capillary electrophoresis according to the length of the fragments. McEniry et al (2008) investigated bacterial community dynamics in wilted grass silage using T-RFLP. The 16S rRNA genes were amplified, then digested with the restriction endonuclease MspI, and separated by electrophoresis.…”

Section: Community Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in silage microbiology

Muck

2013

AFSci

173

123

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Recent advances in silage microbiology are reviewed. Most new techniques in silage microbiology use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to make copies of a portion of the DNA in microorganisms. These techniques allow us to identify and quantify species as well as do community analysis. The PCR-based techniques are uncovering new species, both bacteria and fungi, during storage and feeding. Silage inoculants are widely available, but of greater interest has been research investigating why inoculants are so successful. Various inoculant strains have been found to produce bacteriocins and other compounds that inhibit other bacteria and fungi, improving their chances for success. In vitro ruminal fermentation research is showing that some inoculated silages affect rumen microorganisms, reducing methane in some cases and increasing microbial biomass production in others. Better understanding of silage microbiology will allow us to better manage silos and develop better inoculants to improve silage quality.

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“…One approach for applying the power of microbial metabolism to the challenges of biofuel production involves ensiling, which is a commonly used means for enhancing the digestibility of forage and other biomass for ruminants [44,45]. The process of ensiling exploits the capacity of naturally occurring bacteria, mostly Lactobacillaceae, to ferment the sugars within lignocellulosic residues and produce a substrate that is more easily digested by ruminal microorganisms.…”

Section: Microbial Consortiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Microorganisms: Approaches, Advantages, and Limitations

Canam¹,

Town²,

Iroba³

et al. 2013

Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass - Techniques, Applications and Commercialization

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Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55088 . IntroductionMuch of Earth s recent geologic history is dominated by periods of extensive glaciation, with relatively low global mean temperatures and correspondingly low atmospheric CO concentrations [ ]. The current interglacial period stands out as an anomaly because the atmospheric CO concentration has risen sharply above the range of approximately -parts per million by volume that has defined the past , years to reach levels that are nearly % higher than the biosphere has experienced over this time frame [ ]. This rapid increase in CO concentration is primarily due to the release of ancient fixed atmospheric CO into the modern atmosphere through the combustion of fossil fuel resources over the past years. Since it is clear from ice core records that atmospheric CO concentration has a strong positive correlation to global temperature, it is expected that changes to global climate are forthcoming [ ]. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the ability of terrestrial and oceanic carbon sinks to absorb this anthropogenic CO on time scales that are relevant to human society [ ], so the continued release of ancient CO into the modern atmosphere at current rates carries with it an important risk of inducing climate changes of unknown amplitude along with a host of ancillary changes that are difficult to predict with certainty. This has led to the search for alternatives to fossil fuels to meet a rising global energy demand, and one such option is the use of extant organic matter to produce energy. This resource contains carbon that was fixed from the modern atmosphere, which means it does not result in a net increase in atmospheric CO upon combustion.

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Bacterial community dynamics during the ensilage of wilted grass

Cited by 38 publications

References 38 publications

Bacterial and fungal core microbiomes associated with small grain silages during ensiling and aerobic spoilage

Bacterial and fungal core microbiomes associated with small grain silages during ensiling and aerobic spoilage

Recent advances in silage microbiology

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Microorganisms: Approaches, Advantages, and Limitations

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