Bacterial colonization and associated factors in patients with bronchiectasis

Börekçi, Şermin; Halis, Ayse Nigar; Aygün, Gökhan; Müsellim, Benan

doi:10.4103/1817-1737.172297

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Colonization is usually described as the detection of at least two isolates of an organism separated by a certain amount of time [33]. In this specific context of end-stage chronic pulmonary disease at high risk of hospitalacquired infection and the unknown timing of transplant when listed, bronchial colonization risk is difficult to manage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide clinical practices in perioperative antibiotic therapy for lung transplantation

et al. 2020

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Background: Infection is the most common cause of mortality within the first year after lung transplantation (LTx). The management of perioperative antibiotic therapy is a major issue, but little is known about worldwide practices. Methods: We sent by email a survey dealing with 5 daily clinical vignettes concerning perioperative antibiotic therapy to 180 LTx centers around the world. The invitation and a weekly reminder were sent to lung transplant specialists for a single consensus answer per center during a 3-month period. Results: We received a total of 99 responses from 24 countries, mostly from Western Europe (n = 46) and the USA (n = 34). Systematic screening for bronchial recipient colonization before LTx was mostly performed with sputum samples (72%), regardless of the underlying lung disease. In recipients without colonization, antibiotics with activity against gram-negative bacteria resistant strains (piperacillin / tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, carbapenems) were reported in 72% of the centers, and antibiotics with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mainly vancomycin) were reported in 38% of the centers. For these recipients, the duration of antibiotics reported was 7 days (33%) or less (26%) or stopped when cultures of donor and recipients were reported negatives (12%). In recipients with previous colonization, antibiotics were adapted to the susceptibility of the most resistant strain and given for at least 14 days (67%). Conclusion: Practices vary widely around the world, but resistant bacterial strains are mostly targeted even if no colonization occurs. The antibiotic duration reported was longer for colonized recipients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide clinical practices in perioperative antibiotic therapy for lung transplantation

et al. 2020

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“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa and H. influenzae are the most common bacteria detected in bronchiectasis airways globally although proportions vary among the different populations [45,64]. Other bacterial genera described in bronchiectasis airways include Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella and Staphylococcus [65][66][67].…”

Section: Geographic Variation In the Microbiology Of Bronchiectasis Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic variation in the aetiology, epidemiology and microbiology of bronchiectasis

et al. 2018

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Bronchiectasis is a disease associated with chronic progressive and irreversible dilatation of the bronchi and is characterised by chronic infection and associated inflammation. The prevalence of bronchiectasis is age-related and there is some geographical variation in incidence, prevalence and clinical features. Most bronchiectasis is reported to be idiopathic however post-infectious aetiologies dominate across Asia especially secondary to tuberculosis. Most focus to date has been on the study of airway bacteria, both as colonisers and causes of exacerbations. Modern molecular technologies including next generation sequencing (NGS) have become invaluable tools to identify microorganisms directly from sputum and which are difficult to culture using traditional agar based methods. These have provided important insight into our understanding of emerging pathogens in the airways of people with bronchiectasis and the geographical differences that occur. The contribution of the lung microbiome, its ethnic variation, and subsequent roles in disease progression and response to therapy across geographic regions warrant further investigation. This review summarises the known geographical differences in the aetiology, epidemiology and microbiology of bronchiectasis. Further, we highlight the opportunities offered by emerging molecular technologies such as -omics to further dissect out important ethnic differences in the prognosis and management of bronchiectasis.

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“…This was a higher proportion than in our previous CF P. aeruginosa cough aerosol studies which is likely to be related to the difference in infection profile in patients with bronchiectasis and COPD compared with CF populations. Incidentally, we found two study participants with bronchiectasis who were high producers of H. influenzae cough aerosols, a common respiratory pathogen of patients with bronchiectasis and COPD . Whilst H. influenzae cross‐infection is not thought to occur in patients with bronchiectasis, it has been recently reported in a single study of patients with CF, although it is presently unclear if aerosol transmission plays a role in H. influenzae acquisition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Incidentally, we found two study participants with bronchiectasis who were high producers of H. influenzae cough aerosols, 26 a common respiratory pathogen of patients with bronchiectasis and COPD. [36][37][38][39][40] Whilst H. influenzae cross-infection is not thought to occur in patients with bronchiectasis, 18 it has been recently reported in a single study of patients with CF, 41 although it is presently unclear if aerosol transmission plays a role in H. influenzae acquisition. Our study reported one non-expectorating participant with COPD who produced cough aerosols containing C. koseri and Achromobacter spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of bacteria in bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Low burden of cough aerosols

et al. 2019

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Background and objective Aerosol transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been suggested as a possible mode of respiratory infection spread in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF); however, whether this occurs in other suppurative lung diseases is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine if (i) patients with bronchiectasis (unrelated to CF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can aerosolize P. aeruginosa during coughing and (ii) if genetically indistinguishable (shared) P. aeruginosa strains are present in these disease cohorts. Methods People with bronchiectasis or COPD and P. aeruginosa respiratory infection were recruited for two studies. Aerosol study: Participants (n = 20) underwent cough testing using validated cough rigs to determine the survival of P. aeruginosa aerosols in the air over distance and duration. Genotyping study: P. aeruginosa sputum isolates (n = 95) were genotyped using the iPLEX20SNP platform, with a subset subjected to the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC‐PCR) assay to ascertain their genetic relatedness. Results Aerosol study: Overall, 7 of 20 (35%) participants released P. aeruginosa cough aerosols during at least one of the cough aerosol tests. These cough aerosols remained viable for 4 m from the source and for 15 min after coughing. The mean total aerosol count of P. aeruginosa at 2 m was two colony‐forming units. Typing study: No shared P. aeruginosa strains were identified. Conclusion Low viable count of P. aeruginosa cough aerosols and a lack of shared P. aeruginosa strains observed suggest that aerosol transmission of P. aeruginosa is an unlikely mode of respiratory infection spread in patients with bronchiectasis and COPD.

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Bacterial colonization and associated factors in patients with bronchiectasis

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Worldwide clinical practices in perioperative antibiotic therapy for lung transplantation

Worldwide clinical practices in perioperative antibiotic therapy for lung transplantation

Geographic variation in the aetiology, epidemiology and microbiology of bronchiectasis

Transmission of bacteria in bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Low burden of cough aerosols

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