Bacterial colonization affects early organ and gastrointestinal growth in the neonate

Thymann, Thomas; Siggers, Jayda; Schmidt, M.; Hansen, Axel Kornerup; Sangild, Per Torp

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.025

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Bacterial colonization immediately after birth is a prerequisite for NEC (6), and the typical NEC-related intestinal dysfunctions are absent under germ-free conditions (23,27,35). In preterm pigs, Clostridium perfringens has repeatedly been associated with advanced NEC (3,23,28), but the results in this study suggest that overgrowth of clostridia is a relatively late phenomenon in NEC etiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Transition from parenteral to enteral nutrition induces immediate diet-dependent gut histological and immunological responses in preterm neonates

Siggers

Sangild

Jensen

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants develops very rapidly from a mild intolerance to enteral feeding into intestinal mucosal hemorrhage, inflammation, and necrosis. We hypothesized that immediate feeding-induced gut responses precede later clinical NEC symptoms in preterm pigs. Fifty-six preterm pigs were fed total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 48 h followed by enteral feeding for 0, 8, 17, or 34 h with either colostrum (Colos, n = 20) or formula (Form, n = 31). Macroscopic NEC lesions were detected in Form pigs throughout the enteral feeding period (20/31, 65%), whereas most Colos pigs remained protected (1/20, 5%). Just 8 h of formula feeding induced histopathological lesions, as evidenced by capillary stasis and necrosis, epithelial degeneration, edema, and mucosal hemorrhage. These immediate formula-induced changes were paralleled by decreased digestive enzyme activities (lactase and dipeptidylpeptidase IV), increased nutrient fermentation, and altered expression of innate immune defense genes such as interleukins (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-18), nitric oxide synthetase, tight junction proteins (claudins), Toll-like receptors (TLR-4), and TNF-α. In contrast, the first hours of colostrum feeding induced no histopathological lesions, increased maltase activity, and induced changes in gene expressions related to tissue development. Total bacterial density was high after 2 days of parenteral feeding and was not significantly affected by diet (colostrum, formula) or length of enteral feeding (8-34 h), except that a few bacterial groups (Clostridium, Enterococcus, Streptococcus species) increased with time. We conclude that a switch from parenteral to enteral nutrition rapidly induces diet-dependent histopathological, functional, and proinflammatory insults to the immature intestine. Great care is required when introducing enteral feeds to TPN-fed preterm infants, particularly when using formula, because early feeding-induced insults may predispose to NEC lesions that are difficult to revert by later dietary or medical interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Transition from parenteral to enteral nutrition induces immediate diet-dependent gut histological and immunological responses in preterm neonates

Siggers

Sangild

Jensen

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…Studies in germ-free preterm pigs also showed that early bacterial colonization affected not only the growth of gastrointestinal tissues (stomach, intestine, pancreas) but also the growth of other internal organs (e.g., spleen). This implies that variable hygienic conditions and the commonly used broad spectrum antibiotic administration to preterm infants may influence not only the gut but also affect organ growth in general [80].…”

Section: Microbiological Colonization Of the Gut Following Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional modulation of the gut microbiota and immune system in preterm neonates susceptible to necrotizing enterocolitis

Siggers

Thymann

Boye

et al. 2011

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

105

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“…Preterm delivery, assignments to feeding patterns and incubation of the premature piglets were carried out as previously described [2,17] . Premature piglets (106 days, 93% of gestation) were delivered by caesarean section.…”

Section: Neonatal Pigletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our objective was to detect proteins involved in the early pathological processes of NEC in preterm pigs by comparing tissue proteome from GF (GF) and conventional (CON) pigs fed with formula for a short period after birth. The study design was identical to that in the previous larger study documenting that GF rearing conditions prevent NEC development in formula-fed preterm pigs [2,17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Colonization Affects the Intestinal Proteome of Preterm Pigs Susceptible to Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Jiang¹,

Sangild²,

Sit³

et al. 2010

Neonatology

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Background: In newborns, colonizing bacteria and enteral nutrition are important for early gut development and immunity. However, in preterm newborns, bacterial colonization, coupled with enteral feeding, can lead to marked intestinal inflammation and disease such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We hypothesized that the initial bacterial colonization of the gut affects the intestinal proteome independently of enteral feeding. Objective: To identify the intestinal proteins affected by the first colonizing bacteria by comparing the intestinal proteome in formula-fed preterm pigs reared under germ free (GF) or conventional conditions. Methods: Gel-based proteomics of the small intestine to detect proteins that may play a part in the response of the immature intestine to bacterial colonization after birth. Results: Fourteen proteins involved in stress response and detoxification (e.g. heat-shock proteins, peroxiredoxin 1), tissue metabolism and apoptosis (e.g. annexin 2), and some signal transduction pathways were differentially expressed between GF and conventionally reared pigs. Conclusion: The premature intestine is highly responsive to initial bacterial colonization and the specific bacteria-related proteome changes may contribute to the stress response that makes the immature intestine sensitive to the pro-inflammatory effects of enteral feeding.

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Bacterial colonization affects early organ and gastrointestinal growth in the neonate

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Transition from parenteral to enteral nutrition induces immediate diet-dependent gut histological and immunological responses in preterm neonates

Transition from parenteral to enteral nutrition induces immediate diet-dependent gut histological and immunological responses in preterm neonates

Nutritional modulation of the gut microbiota and immune system in preterm neonates susceptible to necrotizing enterocolitis

Bacterial Colonization Affects the Intestinal Proteome of Preterm Pigs Susceptible to Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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