Bacterial Chromosome Organization and Segregation

Badrinarayanan, Anjana; Le, Tung B. K.; Laub, Michael T.

doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125211

Cited by 263 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(253 reference statements)

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“…Species with larger genes and genomes tend to have larger individual TADs. Bacteria do not seem to follow this rule and, possibly, TADs are not only linked to gene function but also to other functions like genome replication and segregation (Badrinarayanan et al 2015; Marbouty et al 2015; Le and Laub 2016). …”

Section: The Hierarchical Nature Of Fly Genome Architectural Organizamentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Genome Organization and Function in Drosophila

Schwartz

Cavalli

2017

Genetics

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Understanding how the metazoan genome is used during development and cell differentiation is one of the major challenges in the postgenomic era. Early studies in Drosophila suggested that three-dimensional (3D) chromosome organization plays important regulatory roles in this process and recent technological advances started to reveal connections at the molecular level. Here we will consider general features of the architectural organization of the Drosophila genome, providing historical perspective and insights from recent work. We will compare the linear and spatial segmentation of the fly genome and focus on the two key regulators of genome architecture: insulator components and Polycomb group proteins. With its unique set of genetic tools and a compact, well annotated genome, Drosophila is poised to remain a model system of choice for rapid progress in understanding principles of genome organization and to serve as a proving ground for development of 3D genome-engineering techniques.

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Section: The Hierarchical Nature Of Fly Genome Architectural Organizamentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Genome Organization and Function in Drosophila

Schwartz

Cavalli

2017

Genetics

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“…Species-specific differences in spatial chromosome organization are linked with variations in the ParA and ParB choreography. For instance, during vegetative growth of Bacillus subtilis , ParB complexes are segregated bi-directionally to opposite cell poles, while in Caulobacter crescentus and in the case of Vibrio cholerae chromosome I, only one of the two ParB/ oriC nucleoprotein complexes is moved toward the opposite pole by the ParA assembly [2]. The interaction of ParA with proteins localized at the cell pole, such as PopZ and TipN in C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Function of the Bacterial Chromosome Segregation Machinery in Apically Growing Streptomyces - Targeting the Chromosome to New Hyphal Tubes and its Anchorage at the Tips

et al. 2016

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The coordination of chromosome segregation with cell growth is fundamental to the proliferation of any organism. In most unicellular bacteria, chromosome segregation is strictly coordinated with cell division and involves ParA that moves the ParB nucleoprotein complexes bi- or unidirectionally toward the cell pole(s). However, the chromosome organization in multiploid, apically extending and branching Streptomyces hyphae challenges the known mechanisms of bacterial chromosome segregation. The complex Streptomyces life cycle involves two stages: vegetative growth and sporulation. In the latter stage, multiple cell divisions accompanied by chromosome compaction and ParAB assisted segregation turn multigenomic hyphal cell into a chain of unigenomic spores. However, the requirement for active chromosome segregation is unclear in the absence of canonical cell division during vegetative growth except in the process of branch formation. The mechanism by which chromosomes are targeted to new hyphae in streptomycete vegetative growth has remained unknown until now. Here, we address the question of whether active chromosome segregation occurs at this stage. Applied for the first time in Streptomyces, labelling of the chromosomal replication initiation region (oriC) and time-lapse microscopy, revealed that in vegetative hyphae every copy of the chromosome is complexed with ParB, whereas ParA, through interaction with the apical protein complex (polarisome), tightly anchors only one chromosome at the hyphal tip. The anchor is maintained during replication, when ParA captures one of the daughter oriCs. During spore germination and branching, ParA targets one of the multiple chromosomal copies to the new hyphal tip, enabling efficient elongation of hyphal tube. Thus, our studies reveal a novel role for ParAB proteins during hyphal tip establishment and extension.

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“…As found originally by Hiraga et al, mutant cells of various species defective in SMC/MukB often exhibit decondensed and otherwise disorganized nucleoids. This disorganization usually results in a significant growth defect, which should not be surprising considering the highly organized nature of the bacterial nucleoid (8). Intriguingly, these defects can largely be reversed by increasing negative DNA supercoiling (9), consistent with the aforementioned link between tolC and supercoiling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

Classic Spotlight: Out of the Muk, the First Chromosomal Condensin

Margolin¹

2016

J Bacteriol

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Bacterial Chromosome Organization and Segregation

Cited by 263 publications

References 176 publications

Three-Dimensional Genome Organization and Function in Drosophila

Three-Dimensional Genome Organization and Function in Drosophila

Unique Function of the Bacterial Chromosome Segregation Machinery in Apically Growing Streptomyces - Targeting the Chromosome to New Hyphal Tubes and its Anchorage at the Tips

Classic Spotlight: Out of the Muk, the First Chromosomal Condensin

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