Bacterial, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of tubercles in distribution pipelines

Tuovinen, Olli H.; Button, Kenneth S.; Vuorinen, Antti; Carlson, Lauri; Mair, David; Yut, Lynn Ann

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1980.tb04599.x

Cited by 92 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The ultrastructural features of the surface matrixes were very similar to those reported for other municipal distribution systems (1,8,14,18). Moreover, the occurrence of bacteria within surface encrustations of Springfield's biofilms is consistent with prior findings (1,9,13,19).…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Characterization of Fungal Biofilms within a Municipal Water Distribution System

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

137

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Biofilms of a municipal water distribution system were characterized to assess the occurrence of fungi within surface matrixes. Densities of filamentous fungi ranged from 4.0 to 25.2 CFU cm ؊2 , whereas yeast densities ranged from 0 to 8.9 CFU cm ؊2 . Observations by scanning electron microscopy further suggested that spores, not hyphae or vegetative cells, comprised the primary source of viable propagules.The presence of fungi in drinking water and within biofilms of distribution systems has received limited attention. This is due, in part, to the fact that causal relationships between fungal occurrence and water quality remain uncertain. Nonetheless, waterborne fungi are likely associated with taste and odor problems, contamination in food and beverage preparation, and a variety of health-related effects (3,5,10,17). Uncertain ramifications of fungi in potable water have led to a limited number of investigations which show that fungi are present in a significant proportion of tap water samples; however, species abundance and diversity are extremely variable (6,11,13,16). This variation is often attributed to factors such as raw water source, water temperature patterns, treatment conditions, and maintenance of distribution systems (5). The nature and extent of fungi within distribution biofilms remain more obscure; only a single report has demonstrated conclusively that fungi are an integral biofilm component (12). Although it is assumed that contamination is attributable to spore deposition within the biofilm matrix, there is limited evidence to support this premise.Pipe surfaces were collected from the Springfield, Mo., water distribution system from March to July 1997. This municipal system serves approximately 100,000 people and consists of over 900 miles of water mains. Physical and chemical characteristics of this distribution system from January to July 1997 are reported in Table 1. Each sample consisted of a single pipe coupon (i.e., a longitudinal section of the inner pipe surface) obtained during routine maintenance and extension of 30-in. mains. During collection, each coupon was carefully rinsed with 2 liters of sterile distilled water and then placed in a sterile plastic bag. Coupons were immediately transported to the laboratory and rinsed again with 1 liter of sterile distilled water. The purpose of each rinse was to minimize the likelihood of contamination by airborne spores. Although each rinse was discarded, preliminary investigations of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and iron coupons indicated that rinses did not remove biofilm deposition.Small biofilm fragments, each consisting of 0.5 cm 2 of surface matrix, were removed and plated on the following nonselective media: potato dextrose agar (Difco), Czapek solution agar (Difco), cornmeal agar (Difco), Sabouraud dextrose agar (Difco), and YMPG (10 g of dextrose, 5 g of neopeptone, 3 g of yeast extract, 3 g of malt extract, 10 g of agar, 1 liter distilled water). Four replicates of each medium were employed for each coupon to yield a total of 100 frag...

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supporting

confidence: 85%

Characterization of Fungal Biofilms within a Municipal Water Distribution System

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

137

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“…Analysis of these deposits suggests the presence of sulfate-and nitrate-reducing bacteria, nitrite oxidizers, and various unidentified heterotrophs (Tuovinen et al, 1980). They also include large populations of metal depositors, many of which are extremely difficult to isolate.…”

Section: Thbercle Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive elemental analysis of tubercles was undertaken by Tuovinen et al (1980). Iron oxides were the main constituents.…”

Section: Thbercle Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ecology of Microbial Corrosion

Ford

Mitchell

1990

Advances in Microbial Ecology

112

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“…However, finished water may undergo substantial changes in water quality while being transported through the distribution system to the consumer. The growth of microbes and the accumulation of biofilms have been found in drinking water pipes by many investigators (Tuovinen et al, 1980;Ridgway and Olson, 1981;LeChevallier et al, 1987;Mackay et al, 1998;Chandy and Angles, 2001;Hallam et al, 2001). The biofilm layers contribute to the formation of corrosion tubercles, encrustation of organic and inorganic matter and extra-cellular polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of inorganic nutrients on the regrowth of heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water distribution systems

Chu

Lee

2005

Journal of Environmental Management

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Bacterial, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of tubercles in distribution pipelines

Cited by 92 publications

References 22 publications

Characterization of Fungal Biofilms within a Municipal Water Distribution System

Characterization of Fungal Biofilms within a Municipal Water Distribution System

The Ecology of Microbial Corrosion

Effects of inorganic nutrients on the regrowth of heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water distribution systems

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