Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers

Abstract

Cellulose is among the world's wealthiest biopolymers and primarily has a wood, plant, and microbial source. To date, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are synthesized under controlled conditions (temperature, pH, and agitation). The bacterial synthesis of CNFs, so-called bacterial cellulose (BC), has become actively interested in recent times. These emerged natural biopolymers have excellent hydrophilicity, biodegradability, renewability, and mechanical properties. The nanoscale dimension of the synthesized cellulose provides a sizeable functional surface area, low weight and density, and a high-interconnected pore system. Based on these properties, bacterial cellulose nanofibers open a broad range of environmental applications as biosorbents, ultrafiltration membrane, as well as a bio-reducing agent for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles with high photocatalytic activity. Moreover, these nanofibers prove their complete applications in the biomedical, textile, food, and cosmetic industries. The present chapter is devoted to investigating the mechanism of bacterial cellulose nanofibers biosynthesis, functionalization, and its area of applications.

Review on Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Materials: Bioimaging, Biosensing, Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, Antimicrobial, and Agro-Food Applications

“…The importance of nanotechnology and nanosciences open a wider scope for new biomedical-based applications using newly discovered nanomaterials. However, this growth in the use of nanomaterials will be limited by several challenges, including: (1) the ability to deliver cost-effective production of nanomaterials in large volumes; (2) defined production techniques that can be scaled up sufficiently to cover the cost required for targeting volume markets; (3) the rapid identification of priorities in nanoresearch to guarantee nanotechnologies’ and nanomaterial’s safety in the future; (4) address the gaps for current research in risk/toxicity/safety assessment for nanomaterials; and (5) develop an international standard for nanomaterial’s safety; to assist in the determination of appropriate risk management of nanomaterials [ 325 , 326 , 327 ].…”

Introducing the antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation potentials of biosynthesized chitosan, chitosan-ZnO, and chitosan-ZnO/PVP nanoparticles

“…The use of biopolymer molecules or plant extracts for the green biosynthesis of NPs is growing in popularity since the physicochemical-based synthesis is criticized for its impact on the environment and due to high costs [8,9]. Chitosan, being an aminated polysaccharide derived from crustaceans and insects, is a promising material for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs, particularly ZnO NPs.…”

Introducing the antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation potentials of biosynthesized chitosan, chitosan–ZnO, and chitosan–ZnO/PVP nanoparticles

“…The use of biopolymer molecules or plant extracts for the green biosynthesis of NPs is growing in popularity since the physicochemical-based synthesis is criticized for its impact on the environment and due to high costs 8 , 9 . Chitosan, an aminated polysaccharide derived from crustaceans and insects, is a promising material for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide NPs, particularly ZnO NPs.…”