Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber-Supported Polyaniline Nanocomposites with Flake-Shaped Morphology as Supercapacitor Electrodes

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofiber-supported polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites have been synthesized via in situ polymerization of aniline onto BC nanofibers scalfold. Optimized preparation conditions were employed to achieve higher conductivity. The resultant BC/PANI nanocomposites were fully characterized in terms of structure, morphology, and thermal stability. The flake-like morphology of BC/PANI nanocomposites was observed using a field-emission gun scanning electron microscope. By manipulating the ordered flake-type nanostructure, BC/PANI nanocomposites achieved outstanding electrical conductivity as high as 5.1 S/cm. The as-prepared BC/PANI nanocomposites demonstrated a mass-specific capacitance of 273 F/g at 0.2 A.g −1 current density in supercapacitor application, the highest value reported so far for polymer-supported PANI composites.

Polypyrrole/nickel sulfide/bacterial cellulose nanofibrous composite membranes for flexible supercapacitor electrodes

“…For example, CdS, CdSe, and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles have been synthesized and stabilized on BC nanofibers using the in situ precipitation method Zhang et al 2011;Yang et al 2012). The in situ production of PPy (Müller et al 2011(Müller et al , 2013Wang et al 2013;Xu et al 2013) and PANI Marins et al 2011;Lee et al 2012;Müller et al 2012;Wang et al 2012a) nanoparticles on the BC surface has been widely reported. In our recent work , the core-sheath-structured PPy/BC nanocomposite membranes were prepared via in situ polymerization of pyrrole and could be directly used as flexible supercapacitor electrodes with a high massspecific capacitance of 459.5 F g -1 at 0.16 A g -1 current density.…”

Bacterial Cellulose Fibers

“…Morphologically, the fibers had a rough surface with pores in the middle that were responsible for the poor tensile strength. Bacterial cellulose had unique properties such as high porosity, high purity and crystallinity, good mechanical properties and high water holding capacity, excellent biodegradability, and biocompatibility [12Wan] which make it [11Ran] preferable for applications in batteries, sensors, electrical devices, and antistatic coating. To utilize these advantages, bacterial cellulose in nanofiber form was blended with poly(aniline) and made into composites with flake shaped morphology with high electrical conductivity.…”

“…The blend composites had a high surface area of 34 m 2 /g and outstanding electrical conductivity of 5.1 S/cm and good thermal stability. These attributes were suggested to make the composites perfectly suited for applications in various electronic devices [12Wan]. Strong intermolecular interactions were observed between bacterial cellulose and alginate that led to fibers with good mechanical properties.…”

“…Initial efforts on producing BC/PANI nanocomposites through in situ polymerization had limited success and a relatively low conductivity of 1.6 Â 10 À4 to 1.3 S/cm was obtained. Further studies by Wang et al led to the development of nanocomposites having conductivity as high as 5.1 S/cm [12Wan]. A high supercapacitance of 273 F/g was obtained at 0.2 A g…”

Polyaniline- and poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-cellulose nanocomposite electrodes for supercapacitors

“…As one of the most abundant materials on Earth, cellulose (and its derivatives) has received attention as a potential fuel for electricity generation in fuel cells [17,18] and as an additive in composite electrodes for fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors [19][20][21][22]. Cellulose has been particularly useful for the development of flexible devices [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and a number of wearable cellulose-based supercapacitors have been developed [37][38][39][40].…”