“…The unique structural and physical properties, including excellent mechanical strength, ultrafine fibers, biodegradability, and high crystallinity, have received a considerable amount of research interest throughout the past decade (2e4). BC has been applied in the food industry (5,6), high-strength paper and electronic paper production (7e9), enzyme immobilization (10), biosensing (11), and in medical applications (3,12,13), such as wound dressings (14), artificial skin (15), artificial blood vessels (16), and drug delivery (17).…”