Bacterial carnitine metabolism

Kleber, Hans‐Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10212.x

Cited by 108 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…␥-Butyrobetaine was not increased in carnitinesupplemented children or adults from this study. Plasma ␥-butyrobetaine can increase with carnitine supplementation in dialysis patients (26 ) and in patients with mediumchain CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (28 ) and via carnitine metabolism by gut flora (29,30 ). Further study is needed to separate effects of carnitine supplementation and correlate ␥-butyrobetaine concentrations with clinical variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics Identifies Perturbations in Human Disorders of Propionate Metabolism

et al. 2007

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Background: We applied untargeted mass spectrometrybased metabolomics to the diseases methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) and propionic acidemia (PA). Methods: We used a screening platform that used untargeted, mass-based metabolomics of methanolextracted plasma to find significantly different molecular features in human plasma samples from MMA and PA patients and from healthy individuals. Capillary reverse phase liquid chromatography (4 L/min) was interfaced to a TOF mass spectrometer, and data were processed using nonlinear alignment software (XCMS) and an online database (METLIN) to find and identify metabolites differentially regulated in disease. Results: Of the approximately 3500 features measured, propionyl carnitine was easily identified as the best biomarker of disease (P value 1.3 ؋ 10 ؊18 ), demonstrating the proof-of-concept use of untargeted metabolomics in clinical chemistry discovery. Five additional acylcarnitine metabolites showed significant differentiation between plasma from patients and healthy individuals, and ␥-butyrobetaine was highly increased in a subset of patients. Two acylcarnitine metabolites and numerous unidentified species differentiate MMA and PA. Many metabolites that do not appear in any public database, and that remain unidentified, varied significantly between normal, MMA, and PA, underscoring the complex downstream metabolic effects resulting from the defect in a single enzyme. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that metabolomics can expand the range of metabolites

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics Identifies Perturbations in Human Disorders of Propionate Metabolism

et al. 2007

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“…A few phototrophic bacteria can synthesize GB de novo (45,65), but many bacteria can convert choline to GB in a two-step enzymatic oxidation reaction with glycine betaine aldehyde as the intermediate (6,12,40,54). Additionally, some bacteria can synthesize glycine betaine from carnitine (30,38,44). Ectoine is synthesized predominantly by halophilic bacteria, and to our knowledge there is no report on its production by either archaea or eukaryotes (11,31,39,42).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ectoine-Induced Proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti Include an Ectoine ABC-Type Transporter Involved in Osmoprotection and Ectoine Catabolism

et al. 2005

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To understand the mechanisms of ectoine-induced osmoprotection in Sinorhizobium meliloti, a proteomic examination of S. meliloti cells grown in minimal medium supplemented with ectoine was undertaken. This revealed the induction of 10 proteins. The protein products of eight genes were identified by using matrixassisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Five of these genes, with four other genes whose products were not detected on two-dimensional gels, belong to the same gene cluster, which is localized on the pSymB megaplasmid. Four of the nine genes encode the characteristic components of an ATP-binding cassette transporter that was named ehu, for ectoine/hydroxyectoine uptake. This transporter was encoded by four genes (ehuA, ehuB, ehuC, and ehuD) that formed an operon with another gene cluster that contains five genes, named eutABCDE for ectoine utilization. On the basis of sequence homologies, eutABCDE encode enzymes with putative and hypothetical functions in ectoine catabolism. Analysis of the properties of ehuA and eutA mutants suggests that S. meliloti possesses at least one additional ectoine catabolic pathway as well as a lower-affinity transport system for ectoine and hydroxyectoine. The expression of ehuB, as determined by measurements of UidA activity, was shown to be induced by ectoine and hydroxyectoine but not by glycine betaine or by high osmolality.

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“…Although the gene encoding BHMT was not detected as DE over the course of the experiment (likely due to its low representation among SAR11 transcripts), its expression was 4-fold higher in ProDOM relative to the control at 2 h (posterior probability = 0.63). A gene encoding a homolog of γ-butryobetaine dioxygenase (γ-bbh) was enriched in ProDOM at 12 h and this protein catalyzes the first step in the degradation of γ-butryobetaine, a substance whose degradation proceeds through the L-carnitine degradation pathway resulting in the production of glycine betaine (Kleber, 1997). In the Pelagibacter HTCC7211 genome, homologs encoding subunits of a L-proline/glycine betaine ABC transporter are linked to the γ-bbh gene.…”

Section: Pelagibactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial production and consumption of marine dissolved organic matter

Becker¹

2013

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Marine phytoplankton are the principal producers of oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM), the organic substrate responsible for secondary production by heterotrophic microbes in the sea. Despite the importance of DOM in marine food webs, details regarding how marine microbes cycle DOM are limited, and few definitive connections have been made between specific producers and consumers. Consumption is thought to depend on the source of the DOM as well as the identity of the consumer; however, it remains unclear how phytoplankton diversity and DOM composition are related, and the metabolic pathways involved in the turnover of DOM by different microbial taxa are largely unknown. The motivation for this thesis is to examine the role of microbial diversity in determining the composition, lability, and physiological consumption of marine DOM. The chemical composition of DOM produced by marine phytoplankton was investigated at the molecular level using mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that individual phytoplankton strains release a unique suite of organic compounds. Connections between DOM composition and the phylogenetic identity of the producing organism were identified on multiple levels, revealing a direct relationship between phytoplankton diversity and DOM composition. Phytoplankton-derived DOM was also employed in growth assays with oligotrophic bacterioplankton strains to examine effects on heterotrophic growth dynamics. Reproducible responses ranged from suppressed to enhanced growth rates and cell yields, and depended both on the identity of the heterotroph and the source of the DOM. Novel relationships between specific bacterioplankton types and DOM from known biological sources were found, and targets for additional studies on reactive DOM components were identified. The physiology of DOM consumption by a marine Oceanospirillales strain was studied using a combined transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic approach. The transcriptional response of this bacterium to Prochlorococcus-derived DOM revealed an increase in anabolic processes related to metabolism of carboxylic acids and glucosides, increased gene expression related to proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy, and decreased gene expression related to motility. Putative identification of compounds present in Prochlorococcus-derived DOM supported these responses. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential for linking detailed chemical analyses of labile DOM from a known biological source with bacterioplankton diversity and physiology. My parents and my brother, Bob, Ellen, & Brian, who taught me young to pursue whatever it is that makes me happy. You've not only stood by my side, but also kept me from falling on many occasions.And finally…the menagerie. For love. For perspective. Misty, Will, Pac, & Lexi -I wouldn't trade a single crazy day. 6All things are one thing and that one thing is all things -plankton, a shimmering phosphorescence on the sea and the spinning planets and an expanding universe, all bound together by the elastic string ...

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Bacterial carnitine metabolism

Cited by 108 publications

References 41 publications

Metabolomics Identifies Perturbations in Human Disorders of Propionate Metabolism

Metabolomics Identifies Perturbations in Human Disorders of Propionate Metabolism

Ectoine-Induced Proteins in Sinorhizobium meliloti Include an Ectoine ABC-Type Transporter Involved in Osmoprotection and Ectoine Catabolism

Microbial production and consumption of marine dissolved organic matter

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