Bacterial carbon production in Lake Erie is influenced by viruses and solar radiation

Wilhelm, Steven W.; Smith, Ralph E.H.

doi:10.1139/cjfas-57-2-317

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…2 support the hypothesis that a high frequency of visibly infected cells may offer a novel way for the viral population to survive when only a few viruses are released per infected cell (Säwström et al, 2007b). (Säwström et al, 2007b); arctic waters (filled triangle) (Säwström et al, 2007b); subarctic waters, this study (filled diamond); temperate waters (open circle) (Hennes & Simon, 1995;Mathias et al, 1995;Weinbauer & Höfle, 1998;Wilhelm & Smith, 2000;Hofer & Sommaruga, 2001;Fischer & Velimirov, 2002;Vrede et al, 2003;Bettarel et al, 2004;Jacquet et al, 2005;Lymer et al, 2008); tropical waters (open triangle) .…”

Section: Pelagic Virus--bacterium Interactionssupporting

confidence: 66%

Viruses in subarctic lakes and their impact on benthic and pelagic bacteria

Säwström¹,

Ask²,

Karlsson³

2009

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Virus-bacterium interactions were investigated in the pelagic and benthic habitats in a set of lakes along an altitudinal gradient in the subarctic northern Sweden. Viral and bacterial abundances showed a significant variation between the lakes, with the highest benthic microbial abundances recorded in a high-altitude lake [993 m above sea level (a.s.l.)], whereas the highest pelagic microbial abundances were found in a low-altitude lake (270 m a.s.l.). In the pelagic habitat, there was also a distinct difference in microbial abundances between the summer-autumn and the winter sampling occasion. A positive relationship was noted between viruses and bacteria in both the pelagic and the benthic habitats. Visibly virusinfected bacterial cells were uncommon in the pelagic habitat and undetectable in the benthos. Both lytic and lysogenic pelagic viral production rates were undetectable or low; thus, a possible explanation for the relative high viral abundances found in the water column could be an allochthonous input of viruses or release of sediment-derived viruses. Overall, our results provide novel information about the relevance of viruses in the subarctic region and indicate that viruses play only a minor role in the nutrient and carbon cycling in the microbial communities of subarctic lakes.

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Section: Pelagic Virus--bacterium Interactionssupporting

confidence: 66%

Viruses in subarctic lakes and their impact on benthic and pelagic bacteria

Säwström¹,

Ask²,

Karlsson³

2009

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…In the polar water samples, we never observed a bacterial cell completely filled with virus-like particles. Overall infected bacteria from the Arctic and Antarctic contained an extremely low minimum number of virus-like particles relative to previous reports (Weinbauer et al, 1993;Fuhrman and Noble, 1995;Hennes and Simon, 1995;Mathias et al, 1995;Weinbauer and Höfle, 1998;Wilhelm and Smith, 2000;Hofer and Sommaruga, 2001;Fischer and Velimirov, 2002;Vrede et al, 2003;Bettarel et al, 2004;Jaquet et al, 2005). For that reason, we used a lower threshold limit of two virus-like particles to score a cell as infected.…”

Section: Virus-infected Bacteria and Bsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virioplankton have received rapidly growing interest among aquatic ecologists since the initial reports on the high number of virus-like particles in freshwater and marine systems (Bergh et al, 1989;Wommack and Colwell, 2000;Suttle, 2005). Viruses lyse pelagic bacteria and it has been estimated that viruses can be responsible for >50% of the bacterial mortality in many ecosystems, thus affecting the flow of energy, carbon and bacterial community composition within the ecosystem (Fuhrman and Noble, 1995;Hennes and Simon, 1995;Mathias et al, 1995;Weinbauer and Höfle, 1998;Wilhelm and Smith, 2000;Fischer and Velimirov, 2002;Schwalbach et al, 2004;Jaquet et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used extensively to study the fraction of visibly infected bacterial cells (FVIB) and the number of virus-like particles present within the bacterial cell (burst size -BS). In temperate freshwater environments FVIB range between 0.6% and 5%, with an average of 26 phages per cell (Hennes and Simon, 1995;Mathias et al, 1995;Weinbauer and Höfle, 1998;Wilhelm and Smith, 2000;Hofer and Sommaruga, 2001;Fischer and Velimirov, 2002;Vrede et al, 2003;Bettarel et al, 2004;Jaquet et al, 2005). Virus particles within the host cell become visible with TEM only towards the end of the latent period, hence the total fraction of infected bacteria (FIB) is larger than the number of bacteria containing visible virus-like particles (FVIB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High viral infection rates in Antarctic and Arctic bacterioplankton

Säwström

Granéli

Laybourn‐Parry

et al. 2006

Environmental Microbiology

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The frequency of visibly phage-infected bacterial cells (FVIB) and the average number of phages per cell [i.e. burst size (BS)] were determined in Antarctic and Arctic ultra-oligotrophic freshwater environments. Water samples were collected from two Antarctic freshwater lakes and cryoconite holes from a glacier in the Arctic. Data from this bipolar study show the highest FVIB (average 26.1%, range 5.1% to 66.7%) and the lowest BS (average 4, range 2-15) ever reported in the literature. The bacterial density is low in these ultra-oligotrophic freshwater environments but a large proportion of the bacteria are visibly infected. Our results suggest that a constant virioplankton population can be maintained in these extreme environments even though host density is low and often slow growing.

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“…A large majority of aquatic viral ecological studies have been carried out in seawater (see Wommack & Colwell, 2000;Sime-Ngando et al, 2003;Weinbauer, 2004). Some freshwater systems have also been investigated, although less often, and these include rivers (Mathias, Kirschner & Velmirov, 1995;Farnell-Jackson & Ward, 2003), Antarctic lakes (Kepner, Wharton & Suttle, 1998;Laybourn-Parry, Hö fer & Sommaruga, 2001), oligotrophic lakes (Klut & Stockner, 1990;Tapper & Hicks, 1998;Hoffer & Sommaruga, 2001;Bettarel et al, 2003bBettarel et al, , 2004Vrede, Stensdotter & Lindströ m, 2003), mesotrophic lakes (Hennes & Simon, 1995;Maranger & Bird, 1995;Leff et al, 1999;Wilhelm & Smith, 2000), and eutrophic lakes (Sommaruga et al, 1995;Weinbauer & Höfle, 1998;Fischer & Velimirov, 2002;Bettarel et al, 2003a;Weinbauer et al, 2003;Bettarel et al, 2004), as well as lake sediments (Maranger & Bird, 1996). In France, the three largest natural freshwater ecosystems (Lakes Annecy, Bourget and Geneva) have not yet been investigated from this perspective and only the oligotrophic Lake Pavin and the eutrophic Lake Aydat and Sep Reservoir have received recent interest in France (Bettarel et al, 2003a(Bettarel et al, ,b, 2004Pradeep Ram et al, in press).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of protozoan‐ and viral‐mediated mortality of bacterioplankton in Lake Bourget (France)

Jacquet¹,

Domaizon

Personnic³

et al. 2005

Freshwater Biology

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1. We performed three, 1-week in situ experiments in March-April (expt 1), May (expt 2) and August (expt 3) 2003 in order to assess protozoan and virus-induced mortality of heterotrophic bacteria in a French lake. Viral and bacterial abundances were obtained using flow cytometry (FCM) while protozoa were counted using epifluorescence microscopy (EFM). 2. A dilution approach, applied to pretreated grazer-free samples, allowed us to estimate that viral lysis could be responsible for 60% (expt 1), 35% (expt 2) and 52% (expt 3) of daily heterotrophic bacterial mortality. Flagellate (both mixotrophic and heterotrophic) grazing in untreated samples, was responsible for 56% (expt 1), 63% (expt 2) and 18% (expt 3) of daily heterotrophic bacteria removal. 3. These results therefore suggest that both viral lysis and flagellate grazing had a strong impact on bacterial mortality, and this impact varied seasonally. 4. From parallel transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, we found that the burst size (i.e. the number of viruses potentially released per lysed cell) ranged from nine to 25 (expt 1), 10 to 35 (expt 2) and eight to 25 (expt 3). The percentage of infected heterotrophic bacteria was 5.7% (expt 1), 3.4% (expt 2) and 5.7% (expt 3) so that the calculated percentage of bacterial mortality induced by viruses was 6.3% (expt 1), 3.7% (expt 2) and 6.3% (expt 3). 5. It is clear that the dilution-FCM and TEM methods yielded different estimates of viral impact, although both methods revealed an increased impact of viruses during summer.

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Bacterial carbon production in Lake Erie is influenced by viruses and solar radiation

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Viruses in subarctic lakes and their impact on benthic and pelagic bacteria

Viruses in subarctic lakes and their impact on benthic and pelagic bacteria

High viral infection rates in Antarctic and Arctic bacterioplankton

Estimates of protozoan‐ and viral‐mediated mortality of bacterioplankton in Lake Bourget (France)

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