Bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal diversity in the intestines of Korean people

Abstract

The bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryal diversity in fecal samples from ten Koreans were analyzed and compared by using the PCR-fingerprinting method, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The bacteria all belonged to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, which were known to be the dominant bacterial species in the human intestine. Most of the archaeal sequences belonged to the methane-producing archaea but several halophilic archarea-related sequences were also detected unexpectedly. While a small number of eukaryal sequences were also detected upon DGGE analysis, these sequences were related to fungi and stramenopiles (Blastocystis hominis). With regard to the bacterial and archaeal DGGE analysis, all ten samples had one and two prominent bands, respectively, but many individual-specific bands were also observed. However, only five of the ten samples had small eukaryal DGGE bands and none of these bands was observed in all five samples. Unweighted pair group method and arithmetic averages clustering algorithm (UPGMA) clustering analysis revealed that the archaeal and bacterial communities in the ten samples had relatively higher relatedness (the average Dice coefficient values were 68.9 and 59.2% for archaea and bacteria, respectively) but the eukaryal community showed low relatedness (39.6%).

The human gut mycobiome: pitfalls and potentials--a mycologists perspective

“…The protist Blastocystis and fungi (as a group) both have been reported as the dominant eukaryotes in the gut (Rajilic-Stojanovic et al 2007, Nam et al 2008, Scanlan and Marchesi 2008. The term mycobiome was coined in 2010 to differentiate the fungal biota from the bacterial biota, in that the word "microbiota" is frequently treated as synonymous with bacteria (Ghannoum et al 2010).…”

Yeast Communities of Diverse Drosophila Species: Comparison of Two Symbiont Groups in the Same Hosts

“…nimal microbiomes can include a wide variety of taxa, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi, and numerous clades of protists (18,21,31,44,54). Animal hosts have evolved lenient immune systems that tolerate, and possibly even encourage, the persistence of these microbiomes (63).…”

“…The dynamics and composition of bacterial communities have been established in dozens of animal species from mammals (44) to insects (18). Other groups, such as archaea (54), fungi (21,71), and protists (31,66), have also been studied, although less extensively. In mammals, bacterial communities have been implicated in numerous aspects of host physiology (45,79,82) and fungi have recently been shown to influence host health and disease (32).…”

Current and Past Strategies for Bacterial Culture in Clinical Microbiology

“…Methanogenic Archaea belonging to the phylum Euryarchaeota showed great adaptation to the human gut (158)(159)(160)(161)(162)(163)(164). Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota are parts of the skin microbiota (165)(166)(167) and the mucosa-associated microbiota of the oral and vaginal cavities (168).…”

“…The availability of colonies allowed antibiotic susceptibility testing, which demonstrated the high natural resistance of Archaea, except against imidazole, its derivatives, and fusidic acid (188,189), and genome sequencing (174,180,190). Several archaeal species remaining uncultured have been detected only by molecular tools (159,161,162,165,178,191,192). Thus far, only strictly anaerobic methanogenic Archaea have been isolated from humans.…”