Bacterial and protist community changes during a phytoplankton bloom

Pearman, John K.; Casas, Laura; Merle, Tony; Michell, Craig; Irigoien, Xabier

doi:10.1002/lno.10212

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Furthermore, these bacteria lineages cover those groups responsible for both monomer (such as amino acids) and polymer (such as chitin and protein) degradation in the ocean [ 53 ]. Less than 100 bacterial OTUs were assigned in our culture system, which is far less than previous field studies [ 45 , 54 ]. Bacterial community results from laboratory cultures show a lower diversity of bacterial assemblages because long-term maintenance may have eliminated those species that had already been overwhelmed and laboratory studies could avoid invasion of accidental species that are common in field studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Bacterial community results from laboratory cultures show a lower diversity of bacterial assemblages because long-term maintenance may have eliminated those species that had already been overwhelmed and laboratory studies could avoid invasion of accidental species that are common in field studies. This is also the reason for which some studies exclude those rare species in their analysis [ 54 ]. The only study addressing the interaction between a Dinophysis bloom and the microbial community revealed that, even during the peak of a Dinophysis acuminata bloom (cell density ~1300 cell mL −1 ), the Dinophysis cells only accounted for 29% of the phytoplankton community [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Dinophysis acuminata Feeding Mesodinium rubrum on Nutrient Dynamics and Bacterial Composition in a Microcosm

Han

Hua

Tong

2018

Toxins

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The development of Dinophysis populations, producers of diarrhetic shellfish toxins, has been attributed to both abiotic (e.g., water column stratification) and biotic (prey availability) factors. An important process to consider is mixotrophy of the Dinophysis species, which is an intensive feeding of the Mesodinium species for nutrients and a benefit from kleptochloroplasts. During the feeding process, the nutritional status in the environment changes due to the preference of Mesodinium and/or Dinophysis for different nutrients, prey cell debris generated by sloppy feeding, and their degradation by micro-organisms changes. However, there is little knowledge about the role of the bacterial community during the co-occurrence of Mesodinium and Dinophysis and how they directly or indirectly interact with the mixotrophs. In this study, laboratory experiments were performed to characterize the environmental changes including those of the prey present, the bacterial communities, and the ambient dissolved nutrients during the co-occurrence of Mesodinium rubrum and Dinophysis acuminata. The results showed that, during the incubation of the ciliate prey Mesodinium with its predator Dinophysis, available dissolved nitrogen significantly shifted from nitrate to ammonium especially when the population of M. rubrum decayed. Growth phases of Dinophysis and Mesodinium greatly affected the structure and composition of the bacterial community. These changes could be mainly explained by both the changes of the nutrient status and the activity of Dinophysis cells. Dinophysis feeding activity also accelerated the decline of M. rubrum and contamination of cultures with okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1, and pectenotoxin-2, but their influence on the prokaryotic communities was limited to the rare taxa (<0.1%) fraction. This suggests that the interaction between D. acuminata and bacteria is species-specific and takes place intracellularly or in the phycosphere. Moreover, a majority of the dominant bacterial taxa in our cultures may also exhibit a metabolic flexibility and, thus, be unaffected taxonomically by changes within the Mesodinium-Dinophysis culture system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Dinophysis acuminata Feeding Mesodinium rubrum on Nutrient Dynamics and Bacterial Composition in a Microcosm

Han

Hua

Tong

2018

Toxins

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“…Lehman, Abella, Litt, and Edmondson (2004) in their study concluded that there was a mix of correlations which was more dependent on specific species. Other studies have shown that phytoplankton acted as a competitor for resources, especially nutrients (Pearman, Casas, Merle, Michell, & Irigoien, 2016) as well as secreted algicidal compounds which were negative forces for bacteria growth (Natrah, Bossier, Sorgeloos, Yusoff, & Defoirdt, 2014). Nannochloropsis sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish-processing wastes as an alternative diet for culturing the minute rotiferProales similisde Beauchamp

et al. 2018

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We evaluated the suitability of fish waste diet (FWD) for culturing the minute rotifer Proales similis through the observation of their population growth and particle size selective feeding. A total of five treatments either with Nannochloropsis oculata or FWD (0.75 and 0.50 g/L) or the combination of N. oculata and FWD were set up in triplicates. P. similis were cultured in diluted natural seawater (8 g/L salinity) and 26 ± 1°C with the diet treatments being applied randomly. We daily monitored the rotifer density, the number of bacteria and the water quality in all the cultures. The population density of P. similis increased exponentially in all treatments, while the mean growth in FWD 0.75 g/L was significantly higher (p < .05) than that in the control. Addition of N. oculata to FWD resulted to lowered P. similis population growth. Bacterial colony count was high in FWD and introduction of P. similis to the diet decreased their density. The estimated bacteria ingestion rates were generally in the range of 6.03 × 102–1.24 × 104 bacteria/rotifer/hr and there was a positive linear relationship between bacterivory and rotifer population growth. We also observed a shift in the particle size distribution with a reduction in the frequency and concentration of small‐sized particles (<2.5 μm) at day 6. These results accentuate the potential of fish‐processing waste as diet for culturing P. similis which feeds on bacteria and small particles (≤2.5 μm) that are by‐products of degradation of this diet.

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“…However, Kang’s 23S universal primer set could detect 200-fold changes during the bloom, which means that this primer set was much more sensitive than the 16S primer set in terms of detecting changes in phytoplankton species during various aquatic events, including the bloom, eutrophication, or other ecological transitions. Alternatively, 18S universal primer set can be used to detect changes in eukaryotic algal species ( Bradley, Pinto & Guest, 2016 ; Pearman et al, 2016 ; Stoeck et al, 2010 ; Tragin, Zingone & Vaulot, 2018 ). Recently 18S universal primer successfully amplified the eukaryotic algae with high specificity without bacterial sequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis of red-tide water bloomed with Heterosigma akashiwo in Geoje

Kang

Yoon

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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Microbial community structures of harmful algal bloom (HAB) caused by Heterosigma akashiwo in Geoje were analyzed using the MiSeq platform. To analyze phytoplankton communities without cross-reactivity with predominant bacteria, a new phytoplankton-specific 23S universal primer set was designed by modifying two previously used ones. The new universal primer set turned out to be a useful tool for the analysis of the phytoplankton community; it showed a high specificity for phytoplankton without cross-reactivity to bacterial sequences as well as the wide taxon coverage presenting from prokaryotic cyanobacteria to eukaryotic algae. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data generated by two universal primer sets (16S and 23S) provided useful information about the H. akashiwo bloom. According to the 23S universal primer set, proportions of H. akashiwo increased by more than 200-fold as the bloom occurred and its numbers were high enough to detect in control sites. Its operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in the bloom sites at low proportions suggesting that the 16S universal primer set may not be as effective for monitoring harmful algal blooming (HAB) as the 23S universal primer set. In addition, several abundant OTUs in Chlorophyta were not presented by the 16S universal primer set in this study. However, the 16S primer set was useful for detecting decreases in Foraminifera as HAB occurred suggesting that genomic analyses using two universal primer sets would provide more reliable data for understanding microbial community changes by various environmental or ecological events, including HAB. Genomic analyses using two universal primer sets was also useful for determining a correlation between microbial components as HAB occurred. Heterosigma akashiwo was positively correlated with other bloom species, including Karenia mikimotoi, Teleaulax amphioxeia, and bacteria in Verrucomicrobia.

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Bacterial and protist community changes during a phytoplankton bloom

Cited by 22 publications

References 59 publications

Impact of Dinophysis acuminata Feeding Mesodinium rubrum on Nutrient Dynamics and Bacterial Composition in a Microcosm

Impact of Dinophysis acuminata Feeding Mesodinium rubrum on Nutrient Dynamics and Bacterial Composition in a Microcosm

Fish-processing wastes as an alternative diet for culturing the minute rotiferProales similisde Beauchamp

Genomic analysis of red-tide water bloomed with Heterosigma akashiwo in Geoje

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