Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases of Pet Fish

Roberts, Helen; Palmeiro, B.; Weber, E. Scott

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2009.06.010

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In line with the high frequency of parasitic infection in the present study (66/108, 61.1%), parasites are considered to be the most common infectious agents affecting ornamental fish (Roberts et al 2009). However, the present study targeted sick fish, and therefore the proportion of parasite infection is probably lower in the general ornamental fish population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Other factors which facilitate infection in an aquarium setting include handling and use of nets (Dror et al 2006), high stocking density, poor biosecurity, and mixing of fish of multiple species and from multiple sources (Goodwin 2002). Aquarium fish carers and health providers should be aware that infectious disease is common among sick fish, and mitigation strategies should aim to address factors which favour infection.In line with the high frequency of parasitic infection in the present study (66/108, 61.1%), parasites are considered to be the most common infectious agents affecting ornamental fish (Roberts et al 2009). However, the present study targeted sick fish, and therefore the proportion of parasite infection is probably lower in the general ornamental fish population.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

“…Intestinal coccidiosis, a condition common among study goldfish Carassius auratus (17/65, 26.2%), was often associated with enteritis, intestinal mucosal atrophy, and/or wasting, as reported by others (Molnar 2006, Steinhagen & Davies 2008, Roberts et al 2009). Again, histopathology is not a sensitive technique for diagnosis of this infection, and although special stains may have facilitated its recognition, its occurrence in the study population may have been underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…It is unclear whether the Myxo sporea observed in this study were single or multiple species, or were endemic or emerging species. Definitive speciation is warranted and would require examination of spores in wet mount preparations, electron microscopy, or molecular characterization (Feist & Longshaw 2006).Intestinal coccidiosis, a condition common among study goldfish Carassius auratus (17/65, 26.2%), was often associated with enteritis, intestinal mucosal atrophy, and/or wasting, as reported by others (Molnar 2006, Steinhagen & Davies 2008, Roberts et al 2009). Again, histopathology is not a sensitive technique for diagnosis of this infection, and although special stains may have facilitated its recognition, its occurrence in the study population may have been underestimated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

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Histopathological survey of lesions and infections affecting sick ornamental fish in pet shops in New South Wales, Australia

Wickins¹,

Dennis²,

Landos³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of histopathological lesions and categorize histopathologically evident infections in sick ornamental fish from pet shops in New South Wales, Australia. We examined 108 fish that had evidence of morbidity or mortality, including 67 cyprinids, 25 osphronemids, 11 poeciliids, 4 characids and 1 cichlid, sourced from 24 retail outlets. Conditions frequently observed in the study population included branchitis (62/86, 72.1%), visceral granulomas (41/108, 38.0%), dermatitis (17/55, 30.9%), wasting (31/108, 28.7%), and intestinal coccidiosis (18/104, 17.4%). Branchitis and dermatitis were usually due to monogenean flukes, or flagellate or ciliate protozoa. Intralesional Microsporidia (16/41, 39.0%), mycobacteria (7/41, 17.%), or Myxosporidia (5/41, 12.2%) were identified in the majority of fish with visceral granulomas; however, special stains were critical in their identification. The proportion of histologically evident infections was remarkably high (77/108, 71.3%), and parasitic infections predominated. Many pathogens identified in the study have low host specificity and/or direct life cycles which would facilitate transmission to exposed naïve fish populations, potentially posing a threat to native and commercial fish populations. Those caring for sick ornamental fish should take appropriate steps to investigate infectious disease and should take precautions that prevent the spread of pathogens. KEY WORDS: Ornamental fish · Histopathology · Lesion · Parasite · Bacteria Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 94: [143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152] 2011 geted goldfish Carassius auratus, livebearers (family Poeciliidae), and gouramis (family Osphronemidae) with clinical signs of disease. To be eligible for inclusion in the study, fish had to fulfil one or more of the following criteria: (1) they had been reported by the retail outlet owner as 'sick' or inappetent; (2) cohorts had experienced unusually high mortalities; (3) the fish had been housed in a tank with visual evidence of treatment including dyes and oxytetracycline; or (4) abnormalities had been detected on visual examination of fish in tanks by a veterinarian. These abnormalities were poor body condition, skin lesions (including change of colour, ulceration or fin erosion), abnormal behaviour (including loss of motility, loss of schooling behaviour or lying on the bottom of the tank) and abnormal locomotion (such as spiral swimming).Fish were anaesthetised with benzocaine until recumbent and non-responsive. The spinal cord was then severed immediately caudal to the head. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee, University of Sydney, Australia.Histopathology. Whole fish, with body walls incised to expose the coelomic cavity, were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for at least 48 h. For some fish, portions of viscera were sampled for another study prior to formalin fixation. Fish with abdominal girth <...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

supporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 83%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Histopathological survey of lesions and infections affecting sick ornamental fish in pet shops in New South Wales, Australia

Wickins¹,

Dennis²,

Landos³

et al. 2011

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Parasites often cause serious outbreaks of disease in populations of cultured fish, especially when dense populations of fish are kept in improper environmental conditions that may allow certain parasite populations to increase to a very high level (ROBERTS et al, 2009). Protozoans can be ectoparasites or endoparasites, depending on their species, and are the most common parasites encountered in cultured fish (WOO & BRUNO, 2011;PURIVIROJKUL & BOONSOONG, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectocommensal and ectoparasites in goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) in farmed in the State of São Paulo

Moysés

Spadacci-Morena

Xavier

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Concomitant infections by several parasitic genera are rare, very debilitating and often lethal to fish reared under commercial breeding conditions. Were describe a multiple and concurrent parasite infestation in cultured goldfish Carassius auratus with skin damage (nodules and/or ulceration). Fish with skin lesions underwent necropsy, and the skin and gills were scraped and examined. Histopathological examination with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Giemsa stain, and an ultrastructure study using transmission and scanning electron microscopy were conducted. In the skin, we identified multiple-parasite infestations by Gyrodactylidae, Epistylis sp., Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tetrahymena sp. and Ichthyobodo necator, associated with epithelial cell hyperplasia and epidermal sloughing. Although no gross lesions were observed, were identified a large number of parasites in the gills (Epistylis sp., Piscinoodinium sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina sp., Apiosoma sp., Hexamita sp. and cysts of a trematode digenean). The observed trematodes were not identified. The associated microscopic lesions were epithelial hypertrophic and hyperplasic and exhibited fusion of secondary lamellae and epithelial cell detachment. This is the first description of a protozoan Vorticella sp. parasitizing goldfish in Brazil. Multiple ectoparasitism by protozoa and Platyhelminthes, with or without apparent tissue damage, can be fatal for goldfish raised on farms with poor management.Keywords: Carassius auratus, digenean trematodes, fish diseases, infection protozoan, parasites. ResumoA infestação concomitante por vários gêneros de parasitas é uma condição rara, debilitante e letal para os peixes e está geralmente associada aos problemas ambientais e de manejo. Com o objetivo de descrever os ectoparasitos presentes em kinguios Carassius auratus com lesões cutâneas, cultivados em fazenda comercial, foram analisados 30 exemplares de peixes por esfregaços de pele lesionada e de brânquias; exame histopatológico de tecidos corados pela técnica de Hematoxilina-Eosina e Giemsa e estudo ultraestrutural por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e varredura de tecidos coletados após necropsia. Nas lesões cutâneas, foram observados os parasitos: Gyrodactylidae, Epistylis sp., Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tetrahymena sp. e Ichthyobodo necator, associados à hiperplasia epitelial, descamação epidérmica e presença de infiltrado inflamatório. A infestação das brânquias, mesmo sem lesão macroscópica, evidenciou Epistylis sp., Piscinoodinium sp., I. multifiliis, Trichodina sp., Apiosoma sp., Hexamita sp. e cistos de trematódeo associados à hipertrofia e hiperplasia epitelial, fusão de lamelas secundárias, descamação epitelial e presença de infiltrado inflamatório. Os trematódeos observados não foram identificados. É a primeira descrição do protozoário Vorticella sp. parasitando kinguios no Brasil. O ectoparasitismo múltiplo por protozoários e platelmintos, com ou sem lesão aparente, pode ser fatal em peixes cultiva...

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Koi Carp

Thomas¹

2020

Handbook of Exotic Pet Medicine

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Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases of Pet Fish

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Histopathological survey of lesions and infections affecting sick ornamental fish in pet shops in New South Wales, Australia

Histopathological survey of lesions and infections affecting sick ornamental fish in pet shops in New South Wales, Australia

Ectocommensal and ectoparasites in goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) in farmed in the State of São Paulo

Koi Carp

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