Bacterial and Fungal Intracranial Infections

Vries, Linda S. de; Volpe, Joseph J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-42876-7.00035-1

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 406 publications

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“…There has been increasing recognition of postnatally acquired parechovirus infection, which results in predominantly diffuse white matter injury, although gray matter may also be affected with accompanying acute seizures. There are many different types of microbes that can cause in-utero or perinatal CNS infections; a detailed description of these infections can be found elsewhere [20]. For the purposes of this review, it is important to note that acute seizures resulting from infection may persist longer than with ischemic or hemorrhagic brain injury, possibly related to ongoing inflammation that persists until the infection is treated adequately in the brain with antimicrobial agents that cross the blood– brain barrier.…”

Section: Central Nervous System Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute symptomatic seizures in term neonates: Etiologies and treatments

Soul

2018

Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

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Acute symptomatic seizures caused by either diffuse or focal perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insults and intracranial hemorrhage in term newborns make up the large majority of all neonatal seizures. Acute seizures are one of the most common neurological disorders in term newborns who require admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Despite elucidation of seizure pathogenesis in this population using animal models, treatment is limited by a lack of good evidence-based guidelines because of a paucity of rigorously conducted clinical trials or prospective studies in human newborns. A result of this knowledge gap is that management, particularly drug choice, is guided by clinical experience rather than by data informing drug efficacy and safety. This review summarizes the common etiologies and pathogenesis of acute symptomatic seizures, and the current data informing their treatment, including potential novel drugs, together with a suggested treatment algorithm.

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Section: Central Nervous System Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute symptomatic seizures in term neonates: Etiologies and treatments

Soul

2018

Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

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“…As a result, it can spread from animals to humans, particularly in immunocompromised people and those working in the fishing or animal industries [ 4 ]. Septic shock [ 4 , 5 ], infective endocarditis [ 6 , 7 ], cellulitis [ 8 , 9 ], and neonatal meningitis [ 10 ] have all been reported as a result of SDSD infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major causes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults over 50 years are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Listeria monocytogenes [ 9 ]. Acute complications include cerebral oedema, ventriculitis, arterial stroke, and empyema [ 10 ]. Furthermore, we reported two of these complications in our case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute meningitis complicated with ventriculitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. Dysgalactiae

2023

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Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD), also known as Lancefield group C streptococcus, is a pathogen found in animals. It is known to cause pyogenic infections in animals and is one of the most common pathogens that can cause mastitis in cattle. Very few reports of SDSD causing human diseases to have been reported in the literature, but we report a case of community-acquired meningitis and pyogenic ventriculitis caused by SDSD. This report is the first case of SDSD causing a central nervous system (CNS) infection in humans and aims to raise awareness about the role of SDSD in CNS infections. It also seeks to promote the recognition of this bacteria as a potential cause of invasive diseases.

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“…In brief, the neuropathology of meningitis/meningoencephalitis comprises diffuse neuronal injury (necroses) and cerebral white matter injury (PVL similar to that of prematurity) through a complex cascade of inflammatory cytokine-mediated damage that leads to cerebral oedema, increased intracranial pressure, decreased CBF, vasculitis and thromboses, ischaemia and infarction [62]. On the contrary, the precise DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106685 neuropathogenesis of cerebral malaria has not been fully elucidated but a number of theories have been put forward including the "mechanical (sequestration) hypothesis" and the "cytokine storm hypothesis" [63].…”

Section: Meningitis/meningoencephalitis Cerebral Malaria and Cpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology and Pathophysiology of Cerebral Palsy

Ogoke¹

2023

Cerebral Palsy - Updates

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The accurate identification of the actual causes (aetiology) of cerebral palsy (CP) and understanding the causal pathways and the neuropathological correlations are critical to the development of both prevention strategies and a holistic classification of CP. The aetiology of CP is multifactorial with diverse and complex causal mechanisms. It has remained a challenge to identify all the non-progressive disturbances and causal pathways in CP despite pivotal contributions from recent advances in neuroimaging. The objectives of this chapter are to discuss the risk factors for CP, elucidate the causal pathways based on current perspectives and explain the pathophysiology of the clinical manifestations of an abnormally developing or damaged motor system. It is expected that at the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to comprehend the challenge in accurately identifying the actual causes of CP and understanding the complex causal pathways and explain the protean clinical features of CP.

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Bacterial and Fungal Intracranial Infections

Cited by 8 publications

References 406 publications

Acute symptomatic seizures in term neonates: Etiologies and treatments

Acute symptomatic seizures in term neonates: Etiologies and treatments

Acute meningitis complicated with ventriculitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. Dysgalactiae

Aetiology and Pathophysiology of Cerebral Palsy

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