Bacterial and Crystal Adherence to the Surfaces of Indwelling Urethral Catheters

Ohkawa, Mitsuo; Sugata, Toshiaki; Sawaki, M; Nakashima, Tsutomu; Fuse, H; Hisazumi, Haruo

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40071-1

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…26 Several such adhesins have been identified on P. mirabilis cells 18 and protein coatings have been found on catheters removed from patients after short periods. 27 Although P. mirabilis can probably attach to conditioning films, in this way they can also bind directly to silicone surfaces. 28 Powerful physical forces can also initiate crystalline biofilm formation.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Crystalline Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The encrustation and blockage of long-term indwelling bladder catheters: a way forward in prevention and control

2010

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Objectives: To review the literature showing that understanding how Foley catheters become encrusted and blocked by crystalline bacterial biofilms has led to strategies for the control of this complication in the care of patients undergoing long-term indwelling bladder catheterization. Methods: A comprehensive PubMed search of the literature published between 1980 and December 2009 was made for relevant articles using the Medical Subject Heading terms 'biofilms', 'urinary catheterization', 'catheter-associated urinary tract infection' and 'urolithiasis'. Papers on catheterassociated urinary tract infections and bacterial biofilms collected during 40 years of working in the field were also reviewed. Results: There is strong experimental and epidemiological evidence that infection by Proteus mirabilis is the main cause of the crystalline biofilms that encrust and block Foley catheters. The ability of P. mirabilis to generate alkaline urine and to colonize all available types of indwelling catheters allows it to take up stable residence in the catheterized tract in bladder stones and cause recurrent catheter blockage. Conclusion: The elimination of P. mirabilis by antibiotic therapy as soon as it appears in the catheterized urinary tract could improve the quality of life for many patients and reduce the current expenditure of resources when managing the complications of catheter encrustation and blockage. For patients who are already chronic blockers and stone formers, antibiotic treatment is unlikely to be effective owing to the resistance of cells in the crystalline biofilms. Strategies such as increasing fluid intake with citrated drinks could control the problem until bladder stone removal can be organized.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Crystalline Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The encrustation and blockage of long-term indwelling bladder catheters: a way forward in prevention and control

2010

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“…The incidence of infection in patients with indwelling catheters increases 5 to 10% per day (4,41). Within 3 weeks of use, 100% of patients with indwelling catheters will acquire UTIs due to the establishment of biofilms on the catheter material (4,24). Scanning electron microscopy has shown that most catheters removed from patients after only 7 days are colonized by bacterial biofilms (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scanning electron microscopy has shown that most catheters removed from patients after only 7 days are colonized by bacterial biofilms (4). Biofilms persist in the urinary tract and on catheter surfaces because the microorganisms contained within a biofilm are well protected from urine flow and host defense mechanisms (19,24). More importantly, bacteria within biofilms are strongly resistant to antibiotic therapy (11)(12)(13)17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Capsular Colanic Acid in Adhesion of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Hanna¹,

Berg

Stout

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

112

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Urinary tract infections are the most common urologic disease in the United States and one of the most common bacterial infections of any organ system. Biofilms persist in the urinary tract and on catheter surfaces because biofilm microorganisms are resistant to host defense mechanisms and antibiotic therapy. The first step in the establishment of biofilm infections is bacterial adhesion; preventing bacterial adhesion represents a promising method of controlling biofilms. Evidence suggests that capsular polysaccharides play a role in adhesion and pathogenicity. This study focuses on the role of physiochemical and specific binding interactions during adhesion of colanic acid exopolysaccharide mutant strains. Bacterial adhesion was evaluated for isogenic uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains that differed in colanic acid expression. The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to directly measure the reversible physiochemical and specific binding interactions between bacterial strains and various substrates as bacteria initially approach the interface. AFM results indicate that electrostatic interactions were not solely responsible for the repulsive forces between the colanic acid mutant strains and hydrophilic substrates. Moreover, hydrophobic interactions were not found to play a significant role in adhesion of the colanic acid mutant strains. Adhesion was also evaluated by parallel-plate flow cell studies in comparison to AFM force measurements to demonstrate that prolonged incubation times alter bacterial adhesion. Results from this study demonstrate that the capsular polysaccharide colanic acid does not enhance bacterial adhesion but rather blocks the establishment of specific binding as well as timedependent interactions between uropathogenic E. coli and inert substrates.

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“…According to Ganderton et al, (1992), biofilms containing 5 x 10 9 viable cells per centimeter can be found on long-term indwelling catheters removed from patients. Ohkawa et al, (1990) for example, found that 21 of 28 catheters removed after 7 to 16 days were colonized by biofilm. These biofilms can form on the outer surface of the catheter around the balloon and catheter tip, and can cause trauma to the bladder and urethral epithelia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of bacteriocin from Pseudomonas putida strain FStm2 against biofilm-forming bacteria isolated from urinary catheter

Ali¹,

Hamid²,

Usup³

2014

MJM

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Aims:The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of bacteriocin from Pseudomonas putida FStm2 on biofilm-forming bacteria isolated from urinary catheter. Methodology and results:In this study, 25 bacteria isolates were successfully isolated from urinary catheter. Sixteen of the isolates were urease positive. Results of crystal violet test showed that 8 isolates were active biofilm formers in microtiter plate. Seven isolates were active biofilm formers in urinary catheter filled with nutrient broth (NB) and 9 isolates formed biofilm in catheters filled with artificial urine. Bacteriocin-producing Pseudomonas putida strain FStm2 was isolated from shark skin. The antibacterial spectrum of the bacteriocin was determined using the well diffusion method and activity was evident against three Burkholderia cepacia isolates and one Staphylococcus hominis isolate from urinary catheter. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Bacteriocin from P. putida FStm2 has good antimicrobial activity against B. cepacia and S. hominis. It can be a good candidate as anti-biofilm in combating urinary catheter infection. Further studies such as the mechanism of action of the bacteriocin against both bacterial species should be studied in detail if it is to be developed as a bacteriocide.

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Bacterial and Crystal Adherence to the Surfaces of Indwelling Urethral Catheters

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

The encrustation and blockage of long-term indwelling bladder catheters: a way forward in prevention and control

The encrustation and blockage of long-term indwelling bladder catheters: a way forward in prevention and control

Role of Capsular Colanic Acid in Adhesion of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Activities of bacteriocin from Pseudomonas putida strain FStm2 against biofilm-forming bacteria isolated from urinary catheter

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