Bacterial aggregates in the tentacles of the sea anemone Metridium senile

Schuett, Christian; Doepke, Hilke; Grathoff, Annette; Gedde, Michael

doi:10.1007/s10152-007-0069-4

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…10). Similar structures were detected earlier in tentacles of the cnidarian species Metridium senile (Schuett et al 2007) and Tubularia indivisa (Doepke et al 2011). …”

Section: Filamentssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The present paper resumes previous reports on endobacteria in nudibranch and cnidarian species (Schuett et al 2007;Schuett and Doepke 2010;Doepke et al 2011) and provides a first comparative scanning microscopic study on symbiotic endobacterial morphotypes detected in the tentacles of cnidarian and in cerata of selected nudibranch species.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The data do not claim for completeness; however, the investigation enables a tentative overview of the morphological diversity of endobacteria in nudibranch cerata tips. These results were compared to those on endobacterial aggregates and dispersed bacteria previously detected in tentacle material of the cnidarians Metridium senile, Sagartia elegans and Tubularia indivisa (Table 2) collected from Scottish diving locations (Schuett et al 2007;Schuett and Doepke 2010;Doepke et al 2011). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endobacterial morphotypes in nudibranch cerata tips: a SEM analysis

Schuett

Doepke

2012

Helgol Mar Res

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The SEM investigation of nudibranch cerata material exhibits endobacterial morphotypes found in 12 out of 13 species tested: Aeolidia papillosa, Berghia caerulescens, Coryphella brownii, Coryphella lineata, Coryphella verrucosa, Cuthona amoena, Facelina coronata, Flabellina pedata, Dendronotus frondosus, Doto coronata, Tritonia plebeia and Janolus cristatus. Endobacteria could not be detected inside Tritonia hombergi. Endobacterial morphology found inside nudibranch species was compared to bacterial morphotypes detected earlier in tentacles of cnidarian species. SEM micrographs show endobacterial analogy among nudibranch species, but also similarity to cnidarian endobacteria investigated earlier. Of course, morphological data of microbes do not allow their identification. However, since most of these nudibranch species prey on cnidaria, it cannot be excluded that many of the endobacteria detected inside nudibranch species may originate from their cnidarian prey. Our previous data describing genetic affiliation of endobacteria from nudibranchian and cnidarian species support this assumption. Dominant coccoid endobacteria mostly exhibit smooth surface and are tightly packed as aggregates and/or wrapped in envelopes. Such bacterial aggregate type has been described previously in tentacles of the cnidarian species Sagartia elegans. Similar coccoid bacteria, lacking envelopes were also found in other nudibranch species. A different type of coccoid bacteria, characterized by a rough surface, was detected inside cerata of the nudibranch species Berghia caerulescens, and surprisingly, inside tentacles of the cnidarian species Tubularia indivisa. In contrast to cnidarian endobacteria, rod-shaped microorganisms are largely absent in nudibranch cerata.

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“…10). Similar structures were detected earlier in tentacles of the cnidarian species Metridium senile (Schuett et al 2007) and Tubularia indivisa (Doepke et al 2011). …”

Section: Filamentssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endobacterial morphotypes in nudibranch cerata tips: a SEM analysis

Schuett

Doepke

2012

Helgol Mar Res

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“…This group of bacteria has been reported in association with other marine organisms, including gorgonians, sea anemones and corals (Bayer et al, 2013;Correa et al, 2013;Lema et al, 2013). Interestingly, in most cases where they were present, they were also found to be dominant in the microbiome, leading to speculation about their possible symbiotic roles (Schuett et al, 2007).…”

Section: Bacterial Composition Of Ascidiansmentioning

confidence: 84%

Species specificity of symbiosis and secondary metabolism in ascidians

et al. 2014

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Ascidians contain abundant, diverse secondary metabolites, which are thought to serve a defensive role and which have been applied to drug discovery. It is known that bacteria in symbiosis with ascidians produce several of these metabolites, but very little is known about factors governing these 'chemical symbioses'. To examine this phenomenon across a wide geographical and species scale, we performed bacterial and chemical analyses of 32 different ascidians, mostly from the didemnid family from Florida, Southern California and a broad expanse of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Bacterial diversity analysis showed that ascidian microbiomes are highly diverse, and this diversity does not correlate with geographical location or latitude. Within a subset of species, ascidian microbiomes are also stable over time (R ¼ À 0.037, P-value ¼ 0.499). Ascidian microbiomes and metabolomes contain species-specific and location-specific components. Location-specific bacteria are found in low abundance in the ascidians and mostly represent strains that are widespread. Location-specific metabolites consist largely of lipids, which may reflect differences in water temperature. By contrast, species-specific bacteria are mostly abundant sequenced components of the microbiomes and include secondary metabolite producers as major components. Species-specific chemicals are dominated by secondary metabolites. Together with previous analyses that focused on single ascidian species or symbiont type, these results reveal fundamental properties of secondary metabolic symbiosis. Different ascidian species have established associations with many different bacterial symbionts, including those known to produce toxic chemicals. This implies a strong selection for this property and the independent origin of secondary metabolite-based associations in different ascidian species. The analysis here streamlines the connection of secondary metabolite to producing bacterium, enabling further biological and biotechnological studies.

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“…A hypothesis favours the involvement of endobiotic bacteria as producers of cnidarian pathogenic activities. Reports of Palincsar et al (1989) and Schuett et al (2007) allowed first insight into the occurrence and morphology of organ-like bacterial aggregates in the intratentacular epidermis region of the sea anemone species Aiptasia pallida and Metridium senile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endobiotic bacteria and their pathogenic potential in cnidarian tentacles

Schuett

Doepke

2009

Helgol Mar Res

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Endobiotic bacteria colonize the tentacles of cnidaria. This paper provides first insight into the bacterial spectrum and its potential of pathogenic activities inside four cnidarian species. Sample material originating from Scottish waters comprises the jellyfish species Cyanea capillata and C. lamarckii, hydrozoa Tubularia indivisa and sea anemone Sagartia elegans. Mixed cultures of endobiotic bacteria, pure cultures selected on basis of haemolysis, but also lyophilized samples were prepared from tentacles and used for DGGE-profiling with subsequent phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA fragments. Bacteria were detected in each of the cnidarian species tested. Twenty-one bacterial species including four groups of closely related organisms were found in culture material. The species within these groups could not be differentiated from each other (one group of Pseudoalteromonas spp., two groups of Shewanella spp., one group of Vibrio spp.). Each of the hosts exhibits a specific endobacterial spectrum. Solely Cyanea lamarckii harboured Moritella viscosa. Only in Cyanea capillata, members of the Shewanella group #2 and the species Pseudoalteromonas arctica, Shewanella violacea, Sulfitobacter pontiacus and Arcobacter butzleri were detected. Hydrozoa Tubularia indivisa provided an amazingly wide spectrum of nine bacterial species. Exclusively, in the sea anemone Sagartia elegans, the bacterial species P. aliena was found. Overall eleven bacterial species detected were described recently as novel species. Four 16S rDNA fragments generated from lyophilized material displayed extremely low relationship to their next neighbours. These organisms are regarded as members of the endobiotic ''terra incognita''. Since the origin of cnidarian toxins is unclear, the possible pathogenic activity of endobiotic bacteria has to be taken into account. Literature data show that their next neighbours display an interesting diversity of haemolytic, septicaemic and necrotic actions including the production of cytotoxins, tetrodotoxin and R-toxin. Findings of haemolysis tests support the literature data. The potential producers are Endozoicimonas elysicola, Moritella viscosa, Photobacterium profundum, P. aliena, P. tetraodonis, Shewanella waksmanii, Vibrio splendidus, V. aestuarius, Arcobacter butzleri.

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Bacterial aggregates in the tentacles of the sea anemone Metridium senile

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Endobacterial morphotypes in nudibranch cerata tips: a SEM analysis

Endobacterial morphotypes in nudibranch cerata tips: a SEM analysis

Species specificity of symbiosis and secondary metabolism in ascidians

Endobiotic bacteria and their pathogenic potential in cnidarian tentacles

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