Bacterial abundance and viability in rainwater associated with cyclones, stationary fronts and typhoons in southwestern Japan

Hu, Wei; Murata, Kotaro; Toyonaga, Satoshi; Zhang, Daizhou

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.013

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Near the ground, typical concentrations of total airborne bacteria range from ∼ 10 2 to 10 6 cells m −3 , depending on the emission source (Burrows et al, 2009b) and on temporal, meteorological, or other environmental conditions influencing its propensity to emit particles to the air (Carotenuto et al, 2017;Huffman et al, 2013;Lighthart, 1997;Lighthart and Shaffer, 1995). Atmospheric mixing tends to homoge-B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global impact of bacterial processes on carbon mass

Ervens

Amato

2020

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Many recent studies have identified biological material as a major fraction of ambient aerosol loading. A small fraction of these bioaerosols consist of bacteria that have attracted a lot of attention due to their role in cloud formation and adverse health effects. Current atmospheric models consider bacteria as inert quantities and neglect cell growth and multiplication. We provide here a framework to estimate the production of secondary biological aerosol (SBA) mass in clouds by microbial cell growth and multiplication. The best estimate of SBA formation rates of 3.7 Tg yr−1 is comparable to previous model estimates of the primary emission of bacteria into the atmosphere, and thus this might represent a previously unrecognized source of biological aerosol material. We discuss in detail the large uncertainties associated with our estimates based on the rather sparse available data on bacteria abundance, growth conditions, and properties. Additionally, the loss of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) due to microbial processes in cloud droplets has been suggested to compete under some conditions with WSOC loss by chemical (OH) reactions. Our estimates suggest that microbial and chemical processes might lead to a global loss of WSOC of 8–11 and 8–20 Tg yr−1, respectively. While this estimate is very approximate, the analysis of the uncertainties and ranges of all parameters suggests that high concentrations of metabolically active bacteria in clouds might represent an efficient sink for organics. Our estimates also highlight the urgent need for more data concerning microbial concentrations, fluxes, and activity in the atmosphere to evaluate the role of bacterial processes as net aerosol sinks or sources on various spatial and temporal scales.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global impact of bacterial processes on carbon mass

Ervens

Amato

2020

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Such ice-nucleating microorganisms likely play an important role in the water cycle (Sands et al, 1982 ; Morris et al, 2014 ). Bacteria in the atmosphere may be associated with cloud formation (Ahern et al, 2007 ; Joly et al, 2013 ; Hu et al, 2017 ). A number of studies have described the ice nucleation activity (INA) of microorganisms collected from different components of the water cycle (Burrows et al, 2009 ; Murray et al, 2012 ; Morris et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Ice Nucleation Activity of Microorganisms Collected With a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) in France and the United States

et al. 2018

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Many microbes relevant to crops, domestic animals, and humans are transported over long distances through the atmosphere. Some of these atmospheric microbes catalyze the freezing of water at higher temperatures and facilitate the onset of precipitation. We collected microbes from the lower atmosphere in France and the United States with a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS). 55 sampling missions were conducted at two locations in France in 2014 (an airfield in Pujaut, and the top of Puy de Dôme), and three locations in the U.S. in 2015 (a farm in Blacksburg, Virginia, and a farm and a lake in Baton Rouge, Louisiana). The sUAS was a fixed-wing electric drone equipped with a remote-operated sampling device that was opened once the aircraft reached the desired sampling altitude (40–50 meters above ground level). Samples were collected on agar media (TSA, R4A, R2A, and CA) with and without the fungicide cycloheximide. Over 4,000 bacterial-like colonies were recovered across the 55 sUAS sampling missions. A positive relationship between sampling time and temperature and concentrations of culturable bacteria was observed for sUAS flights conducted in France, but not for sUAS flights conducted in Louisiana. A droplet freezing assay was used to screen nearly 2,000 colonies for ice nucleation activity, and 15 colonies were ice nucleation active at temperatures warmer than −8°C. Sequences from portions of 16S rDNA were used to identify 503 colonies from 54 flights to the level of genus. Assemblages of bacteria from sUAS flights in France (TSA) and sUAS flights in Louisiana (R4A) showed more similarity within locations than between locations. Bacteria collected with sUAS on TSA in France and Virginia were significantly different across all levels of classification tested (P < 0.001 for class, order, family, and genus). Principal Coordinates Analysis showed a strong association between the genera Curtobacterium, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas from sUAS flights in Virginia, and Agrococcus, Lysinibacillus, and Paenibacillus from sUAS flights in France. Future work aims to understand the potential origin of the atmospheric microbial assemblages collected with sUAS, and their association with mesoscale atmospheric processes.

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“…Additionally, the rapidly changing conditions in clouds, like condensation/evaporation and freeze/thaw cycles, can cause strong physiological shocks and physical damages to cells, which can eventually be lethal. The viability of airborne microorganisms is thus very variable in space and time depending on environmental conditions (Fahlgren et al, 2010;Hu et al, 2017;Lighthart and Shaffer, 1995;Monteil et al, 2014), but yet the fact that a fraction of bacteria cells are 55 viable was shown in many experiments of microbiological cultures from ambient aerosol samples (Amato et al, 2007c;Bovallius et al, 1978;Lighthart, 1997;Newman, 1948). This was specified and quantified more recently by direct observations and measurements of biological activity imprints (Amato et al, 2007b(Amato et al, , 2017Sattler et al, 2001;Wirgot et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introduction 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

The global impact of bacterial processes on carbon mass

Ervens¹,

Amato²

2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Many recent studies have identified biological material as a major fraction of ambient aerosol loading. A small fraction of these bioaerosols consist of bacteria that have attracted a lot of attention due to their role in cloud formation and adverse health effects. Current atmospheric models consider bacteria as inert quantities and neglect cell growth and multiplication. We provide here a framework to estimate the production of secondary biological aerosol (SBA) mass in clouds by microbial cell growth and multiplication. The best estimate of SBA formation rates of 3.7&#8201;Tg&#8201;yr-1 are comparable to previous model estimates of the primary emission of bacteria into the atmosphere, and thus might represent a previously unrecognized source of biological aerosol material. We discuss in detail the large uncertainties associated with our estimates based on the rather sparse available data on bacteria abundance, growth conditions and properties. Additionally, the loss of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) due to microbial processes in cloud droplets has been suggested to compete under some conditions with WSOC loss by chemical (OH) reactions. Our estimates suggest that microbial and chemical processes might lead to a global loss of WSOC of 8&#8211;11&#8201;Tg&#8201;yr-1 and 8&#8211;20&#8201;Tg&#8201;yr-1, respectively. While also this estimate is very approximate, the analysis of the uncertainties and ranges of all parameters gives hints about the conditions under which microbial processes cannot be neglected as organic carbon sinks in clouds. Our estimates also highlight the urgent needs for more data concerning microbial concentrations, fluxes and activity in the atmosphere to evaluate the role of bacterial processes as net aerosol sink or source on various spatial and temporal scales.

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Bacterial abundance and viability in rainwater associated with cyclones, stationary fronts and typhoons in southwestern Japan

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

The global impact of bacterial processes on carbon mass

The global impact of bacterial processes on carbon mass

Diversity and Ice Nucleation Activity of Microorganisms Collected With a Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) in France and the United States

The global impact of bacterial processes on carbon mass

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