Bacteria trigger oxygen radical release and sperm lipid peroxidation in in vitro model of semen inflammation

Frączek, Monika; Szumała-Kąkol, Anna; Jȩdrzejczak, Piotr; Kamieniczna, Marzena; Kurpisz, Maciej

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.025

Cited by 79 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Elevated ROS levels have also been reported in some clinical conditions (e.g., varicocele and reproductive tract infections) as well as in association with lifestyle choices (e.g., smoking) [14][15][16][17][18]. Similarly, low fertilization and pregnancy rates were achieved in couples in which the male partner had elevated seminal ROS levels [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reference values of reactive oxygen species in seminal ejaculates using chemiluminescence assay

Agarwal

Ahmad

Sharma

2015

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose A physiological balance exists between seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity. An overproduction of ROS which exceeds the seminal plasma antioxidant capacity results in oxidative stress (OS). The aim of the present study was to describe a detailed protocol to measure ROS in a diagnostic laboratory and revise our previous cutoff value of ROS in seminal ejaculates in a larger cohort of infertile men and controls with proven and unproven fertility. Methods A total of 258 infertile men and 92 controls were enrolled in the study. Following initial semen analysis, ROS measurement in whole ejaculates was carried out using l u m i n o l -b a s e d c h e m i l u m i n e s c e n c e a s s a y . Chemiluminescence was measured for 15 min with a Berthold luminometer. Results were expressed as relative light units (RLU/s/10 6 sperm). The test's specificity, sensitivity, and cutoff values were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Significantly higher ROS levels were seen in infertile men compared to controls (p<0.001). The optimal cutoff value to differentiate between controls and infertile men was 102.2 RLU/s/10 6 sperm. At this cutoff value, the test was 76.4% sensitive and 53.3% specific. The positive and negative predictive values of the test were 82.1% and 44.5%, respectively. A total of 76.4% infertile population was above this cutoff value compared to 46.7% of controls. Conclusions The luminol-based chemiluminescence assay can be used in routine diagnostic screening to test for male infertility diagnosis in a clinical setting. The current ROS cutoff value substantially distinguishes infertile from normal controls. Patients with elevated ROS must be evaluated for the underlying cause of ROS production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reference values of reactive oxygen species in seminal ejaculates using chemiluminescence assay

Agarwal

Ahmad

Sharma

2015

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…This may influence their function and response to the surrounding environment [93]. In another study, the presence of bacteria was found to decrease the effective neutralization of leukocyte-derived ROS by sperm, depending on the type of bacterial strain and the sperm subpopulation used [80]. These are strong suggestions that inflammatory mediators, such as bacteria and leukocytes, are responsible for quantitative and qualitative changes in the oxygen metabolism of spermatozoa; this, in turn, determines the magnitude of the interaction between toxic oxygen metabolites and cell macromolecules with subsequent consequences for sperm fertilizing potential.…”

Section: Role Of Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, abnormally elevated ROS levels in semen samples among prostatitis patients with positive U. urealyticum cultures have been shown [26]. It is known that B. urealyticus produces superoxide dismutase (SOD) that supplies additional amounts of hydrogen peroxide, which is the most toxic to sperm [80].…”

Section: Role Of Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the harmful effects of bacterial semen infection on ejaculated human spermatozoa: potential inflammatory markers in semen

Frączek

Kurpisz

2015

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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The invasion of the male reproductive tract by microorganisms, and its subsequent consequences for sperm fertilizing potential, has been intensely discussed. The role of the bacteria that are responsible for the colonization and contamination of the male urogenital tract, rather than its infection, in diminished sperm parameters raises the most controversy. There are numerous premises suggesting that bacterial semen infection is associated with male infertility. However, the molecular mechanism by which the fertility is affected is complex and multifactorial, and still presents a puzzle. Some authors have suggested that direct interactions between bacteria and human spermatozoa facilitate sperm immobilization, affect sperm morphology, and thus weaken the ability of sperm to fertilize. On the other hand, the massive infiltration of activated leukocytes into the inflammatory site may be associated with impairment of sperm fertilizing potential, due to oxidative, apoptotic, and immune processes. This review presents current research trends and aims to summarize the present knowledge of semen inflammation and causative bacterial agents in the male urogenital tract, with its consequence on seminological parameters, and male fertility status.

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“…Thus the primary trigger for activation of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade could, curious as it may sound, be the induction of a mild oxidative stress. The latter could arise in any number of ways including poor antioxidant protection within the male or female reproductive tract as a result of dietary deficiencies (Palmer et al, 2012), age (Weir and Robaire, 2007), varicocele (Mostafa et al, 2001), cryostorage , exposure to lifestyle factors (Fraga et al, 1996;Linschooten et al, 2011), medicinal compounds (Ghosh et al, 2002), bacteria (Villegas et al, 2005;Fraczek et al, 2007), prolonged incubation in vitro or in vivo (Balasuriya et al, 2013) and a range of environmental factors including non-ionizing radiation (Agarwal et al, 2009;). All such factors converge in the generation of oxidative stress within the spermatozoa.…”

Section: Activation Of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and consequences of apoptosis in spermatozoa; contributions to infertility and impacts on development

Aitken¹,

Baker²

2013

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

169

108

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During early development, apoptosis plays a major role in the ontogeny of the germ line as a means of regulating the germ cell:Sertoli cell ratio. In the adult, apoptosis fulfils another function in removing damaged germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium in response to a wide range of physiological and environmental triggers. These include various forms of electromagnetic radiation, chemotherapeutic agents and commonly encountered toxicants such as phthalate esters, bisphenol A and cadmium. This form of apoptosis can lead to spermatogenic arrest and is predominantly mediated by the Fas/FasL system. In addition, senescent mature spermatozoa can undergo a truncated form of apoptosis in order to ensure their efficient phagocytosis within the male and female reproductive tracts. This apoptotic cascade appears to be triggered by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which leads to activation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a self-perpetuating redox cycle. The electrophilic aldehydes generated as a result of lipid peroxidation also lead to a rapid loss of sperm motility followed some hours later by caspase activation and phosphatidylserine exposure on the sperm surface. The nuclear DNA suffers oxidative damage during this process but there is no immediate DNA cleavage by endonucleases as there is in somatic cells. The reasons for this deviation from the normal pattern of apoptosis involve the unusual physical architecture of spermatozoa and the limited capacity these cells possess for base-excision repair. These findings have practical implications for the approaches that might be used to detect and prevent DNA damage in spermatozoa. KEY WORDS: spermatozoa, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, mitochondria DNA damage Apoptosis and male germ cell developmentApoptosis is a major feature of male germ cell development that orchestrates the production and function of these cells from the early stages of gonadal differentiation to the moment of fertilization. Towards the end of embryogenesis a major wave of germ cell apoptosis occurs in prospermatogonia/gonocytes when the testes are differentiating and adjustments have to be introduced to achieve the optimal germ cell:Sertoli cell ratio. During this developmental process, excess premeiotic spermatogonia are removed by apoptosis during the first round of spermatogenesis in the testis. Impairment of apoptosis through the functional deletion of key mediators of this process generates a male infertility phenotype due to an imbalance in germ-and Sertoli-cell numbers (Rodriguez et al., 1997). This regulatory role for apoptosis in the male germ cell development is very similar to the situation in the differentiating female gonad where there is also a wave of apoptosis in the ovary Int. J. Dev. Biol. 57: 265-272 (2013) as germ cells are eliminated that have not found somatic cells with which to form primordial follicles .In adulthood, apoptosis again plays a significant role in regulating germ cell development. For example, apoptosis ...

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Bacteria trigger oxygen radical release and sperm lipid peroxidation in in vitro model of semen inflammation

Cited by 79 publications

References 43 publications

Reference values of reactive oxygen species in seminal ejaculates using chemiluminescence assay

Reference values of reactive oxygen species in seminal ejaculates using chemiluminescence assay

Mechanisms of the harmful effects of bacterial semen infection on ejaculated human spermatozoa: potential inflammatory markers in semen

Causes and consequences of apoptosis in spermatozoa; contributions to infertility and impacts on development

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