Bacteria Producing Trimethylene Glycol

Werkman, C. H.; Gillen, G. F.

doi:10.1128/jb.23.2.167-182.1932

Cited by 125 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…In pasteurized milk the regular appearance of one species would seem to indicate some one source of contamination and a possible harboring of the organisms at a point not reached by the cleaning process. Numbers refer to species according to Bergey (1934) or Werkman and Gillem (1932).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DETECTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COLIFORM GROUP IN MILK¹²

Bartram¹,

Black²

1937

Journal of Food Science

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Comparatively few reports on the types of the coliform group present in milk have been published and in most instances the species have not been determined. It is diBcult to compare earlier work with more recent investigations because of differences in classifications employed. Earlier work is summarized by Yale (1933). This investigator isolated 63 per cent EsclzeAchia, 26 per cent Aerobacter, and 11 per cent intermediates from raw milk and 57, 10, and 33 per cent respectively from pasteurized milk. Ten species of Escherichia and three of Aerobacter were isolated by Pale, who found Escherichia COG, Eschwichia pseudocoloides, and Escherichia commzcnior, in this order, the most prevalent in the first genus, and Aerobacter aerogenes and Aerobacter cloame most frequent in the latter. The results of more recent investigations will be included in the discussion. EXPERINENTAL WORKThe organisms identified in this report were isolated by inoculating 275 samples of raw milk in groups of 50 samples into a total of 12 media; 25 samples of raw milk into 10 media; and 31 samples of raw milk, 34 samples of pasteurized milk, and 25 samples of "certified" milk into five media as discussed in a previous paper, Bartram and Black (1936). The cultures were identified as Escher'ichiia, Aerobacter, or intermediate according to their reaction on Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer medium, Simmon's citrate agar, and the indol reaction. The species in the Esclterichiu-Aerobacter genera were classified in accordance with the descriptions given in Bergey 's Manual (1934). The species of the intermediate o r Citrobactw genus were identified according to the classification of Werkman and Gillem (1932).The technique and media employed in physiological tests were those recommended by the Committee on Bacteriological Technic of Approved for publieation by the Director of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station.' A portion of a

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DETECTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COLIFORM GROUP IN MILK¹²

Bartram¹,

Black²

1937

Journal of Food Science

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“…The genus Citrobacter was designated in 1932 and included seven species: Citrobacter freundii (type strain), C. diversum, and five others (6). Over time, only C. freundii and C. diversum (later described as C. diversus [2]) remained as valid names.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ability of commercial identification systems to identify newly recognized species of Citrobacter

1995

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The genus Citrobacter was recently determined to contain 11 genetically distinct species. In addition, the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology no longer recognizes C. diversus and has, instead, validated the name C. koseri in its place. The 11 species are C. freundii, C. koseri, C. amalonaticus, C. farmeri, C. youngae, C. braakii, C. werkmanii, C. sedlakii, and three unnamed groups, genomospecies 9, 10, and 11. To determine the ease with which some identification systems could respond to these changes, we evaluated five systems for their potential ability to recognize current species in the genus Citrobacter. A simple dichotomous key using conventional biochemicals is presented that may be helpful to presumptively identify Citrobacter strains.

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“…The genus was described and named by Werkman & Gillen (1932) for the exogenous citrate-utilizing 'coli-aerogenes intermediates' but the name did not gain acceptance for some 25 years. Consequently, bacteria now recognized as members of the genus have been studied under a variety of names.…”

Section: Citrobactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and properties of the family Enterobaeteriaceae

Jones

1988

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Bacteria Producing Trimethylene Glycol

Abstract: I Supported by an appropriation from Industrial Research funds of Iowa State College, as a part of the program for the study of the utilization of wastes by fermentation. The assistance of Mr. Charles Davis in checking cultural characteristics of a number of organisms is acknowledged.

Cited by 125 publications

References 5 publications

DETECTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COLIFORM GROUP IN MILK¹²

DETECTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COLIFORM GROUP IN MILK¹²

Ability of commercial identification systems to identify newly recognized species of Citrobacter

Composition and properties of the family Enterobaeteriaceae

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Bacteria Producing Trimethylene Glycol

Abstract: I Supported by an appropriation from Industrial Research funds of Iowa State College, as a part of the program for the study of the utilization of wastes by fermentation. The assistance of Mr. Charles Davis in checking cultural characteristics of a number of organisms is acknowledged.

Cited by 125 publications

References 5 publications

DETECTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COLIFORM GROUP IN MILK12

DETECTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COLIFORM GROUP IN MILK12

Ability of commercial identification systems to identify newly recognized species of Citrobacter

Composition and properties of the family Enterobaeteriaceae

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DETECTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COLIFORM GROUP IN MILK¹²

DETECTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COLIFORM GROUP IN MILK¹²