Bacteria in the Intestinal Tract of Different Species of Arthropods

Cazemier, A.E.; Hackstein, J.H.P.; Camp, Huub J. M. Op den; Rosenberg, Jörg; Drift, Chris van der

doi:10.1007/s002489900021

Cited by 116 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Compost was removed from the tube, and a top layer (1 cm thick) containing the inoculum source was discarded. A sample of 10 g was taken from the remaining compost and added to 100 ml of 100 mM sodium tetrapyrophosphate (Sigma, Poole, United Kingdom) in distilled water (13). Samples were steeped for 60 min at room temperature followed by 2 min of continuous agitation in a Stomacher Lab-Blender 400 (Seward Laboratories, London, United Kingdom).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saprotrophic and Mycoparasitic Components of Aggressiveness of Trichoderma harzianum Groups toward the Commercial Mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Williams

Clarkson

Mills³

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We examined the mycoparasitic and saprotrophic behavior of isolates representing groups of Trichoderma harzianum to establish a mechanism for the aggressiveness towards Agaricus bisporus in infested commercial compost. Mycoparasitic structures were infrequently observed in interaction zones on various media, including compost, with cryoscanning electron microscopy. T. harzianum grows prolifically in compost in the absence or presence of A. bisporus, and the aggressive European (Th2) and North American (Th4) isolates produced significantly higher biomasses (6.8-and 7.5-fold, respectively) in compost than did nonaggressive, group 1 isolates. All groups secreted depolymerases that could attack the cell walls of A. bisporus and of wheat straw, and some were linked to aggressiveness. Growth on mushroom cell walls in vitro resulted in rapid production of chymoelastase and trypsin-like proteases by only the Th2 and Th4 isolates. These isolates also produced a dominant protease isoform (pI 6.22) and additional chitinase isoforms. On wheat straw, Th4 produced distinct isoforms of cellulase and laminarinase, but there was no consistent association between levels or isoforms of depolymerases and aggressiveness. Th3's distinctive profiles confirmed its reclassification as Trichoderma atroviride. Proteases and glycanases were detected for the first time in sterilized compost colonized by T. harzianum. Xylanase dominated, and some isoforms were unique to compost, as were some laminarinases. We hypothesize that aggressiveness results from competition, antagonism, or parasitism but only as a component of, or following, extensive saprotrophic growth involving degradation of wheat straw cell walls.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saprotrophic and Mycoparasitic Components of Aggressiveness of Trichoderma harzianum Groups toward the Commercial Mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Williams

Clarkson

Mills³

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Although both gut compartments are densely colonized by diverse microorganisms (3,10), which were recognized early as participating in digestion (52), the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the activities and spatial distribution of microbial populations within the gut have hardly been investigated (reference 10 and references therein).…”

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confidence: 99%

Structure and Topology of Microbial Communities in the Major Gut Compartments of Melolontha melolontha Larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Egert

Stingl

Bruun

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

109

140

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Physicochemical gut conditions and the composition and topology of the intestinal microbiota in the major gut compartments of the root-feeding larva of the European cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha) were studied. Axial and radial profiles of pH, O 2 , H 2 , and redox potential were measured with microsensors. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in midgut samples of individual larvae revealed a simple but variable and probably nonspecific community structure. In contrast, the T-RFLP profiles of the hindgut samples were more diverse but highly similar, especially in the wall fraction, indicating the presence of a gut-specific community involved in digestion. While high acetate concentrations in the midgut and hindgut (34 and 15 mM) corroborated the presence of microbial fermentation in both compartments, methanogenesis was confined to the hindgut. Methanobrevibacter spp. were the only methanogens detected and were restricted to this compartment. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone libraries of the hindgut were dominated by clones related to the Clostridiales. Clones related to the Actinobacteria, Bacillales, Lactobacillales, and ␥-Proteobacteria were restricted to the lumen, whereas clones related to the ␤-and ␦-Proteobacteria were found only on the hindgut wall. Results of PCR-based analyses and fluorescence in situ hybridization of whole cells with group-specific oligonucleotide probes documented that Desulfovibrio-related bacteria comprise 10 to 15% of the bacterial community at the hindgut wall. The restriction of the sulfate-reducer-specific adenosine-5-phosphosulfate reductase gene apsA to DNA extracts of the hindgut wall in larvae from four other populations in Europe suggested that sulfate reducers generally colonize this habitat.

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“…Converting this to gut volume (see Methods and Materials section), we determined bacterial densities of 0.3-2.2 × 10 6 cells/µl. For other arthropods, 0.07-190 × 10 6 cells/µl gut fluid have been reported (Cazemier et al, 1997). To our knowledge, our study is the first to present quantitative data on bacterial densities in guts of Lepidoptera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…To isolate epiphytic bacteria, about 10 mg fresh weight (FW) of leaf material was suspended in 1 ml sterile sodium tetrapyrophosphate (PPi) solution (0.1 M) in an Eppendorf vial (1.5 ml). PPi had been shown to facilitate a good recovery of attached bacteria in arthropod guts (Cazemier et al, 1997). Preliminary experiments revealed PPi also as an appropriate detergent for harvesting epiphytic bacteria, since it did not show any influence on growth of isolated bacteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Walenciak

Zwisler²,

Gross

2002

Journal of Chemical Ecology

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Abstract-The submerged living larvae of Acentria ephemerella were fed in the laboratory with either M. spicatum or Potamogeton perfoliatus, two of their host plants. Larvae exhibited a reduced growth when fed M. spicatum, a freshwater angiosperm that contains high concentrations of tannins, secondary metabolites known for their herbivore-deterrent and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we investigated the influence of food-derived tannins on gut microbiota. Bacterial densities in the guts did not differ between the food regimes, ranging from 2.8 to 13.3 × 10 6 cells per gut. Gut bacteria were characterized with cultivation techniques and subsequent identification of the strains by molecular methods. We isolated 17 bacterial strains belonging to all subdivisions, i.e., we identified α-, β-, and γ -proteobacteria, Cytophyaga/Flavobacteria (CF) and several Gram-positive bacteria. All except one Gram-positive strain were found in the guts of larvae fed with P. perfoliatus. Gram-positive bacteria and bacteria of the CF cluster were more sensitive to polyphenol-containing extracts of M. spicatum in an agar diffusion assay than strains of the α-or γ -proteobacteria subdivision. Our results suggest an influence of food-derived tannins on gut microbiota in A. ephemerella.

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Bacteria in the Intestinal Tract of Different Species of Arthropods

Cited by 116 publications

References 18 publications

Saprotrophic and Mycoparasitic Components of Aggressiveness of Trichoderma harzianum Groups toward the Commercial Mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Saprotrophic and Mycoparasitic Components of Aggressiveness of Trichoderma harzianum Groups toward the Commercial Mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Structure and Topology of Microbial Communities in the Major Gut Compartments of Melolontha melolontha Larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

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