Bacteria in Clover Root Tissue

Philipson, Melva N.; Blair, I. D.

doi:10.1139/m57-016

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Rhizobium radiobacter and Rhizobium rhizogenes are common inhabitants of legume nodules . Other early reports of bacteria isolated from nodules and roots of clover and soybean were those by Phillipson and Blair (1957), Manninger andAntal (1970), andSturz et al (1997).…”

Section: F1mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Nodule Microbiome: N₂-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

Martínez‐Hidalgo

Hirsch

2017

Phytobiomes Journal

242

163

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For decades, rhizobia were thought to be the only nitrogen-fixing inhabitants of legume nodules, and biases in culture techniques prolonged this belief. However, other bacteria, which are not typical rhizobia, are often detected within nodules obtained from soil, thus revealing the existence of a phytomicrobiome where the interaction among the individuals is not only complex, but also likely to affect the behavior and fitness of the host plant. Many of these nonrhizobial bacteria are nitrogen fixers, and some also induce nitrogen-fixing nodules on legume roots. Even more striking is the incredibly diverse population of bacteria residing within nodules that elicit neither nodulation nor nitrogen fixation. Yet, this community exists within the nodule, albeit clearly out-numbered by nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Few studies of the function of these nodule-associated bacteria in nodules have been performed, and to date, it is not known whether their presence in nodules is biologically important or not. Do they confer any benefits to the Rhizobium-legume nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, or are they parasites/saprophytes, contaminants, or commensals? In this review, we highlight the lesser-known bacteria that dwell within nitrogen-fixing nodules and discuss their possible role in this enclosed community as well as any likely benefits to the host plant or to the rhizobial inhabitants of the nodule. Although many of these nodule inhabitants are not capable of nitrogen fixation, they have the potential to enhance legume survival especially under conditions of environmental stress. This knowledge will be useful in defining strategies to employ these bacteria as bioinoculants by themselves or combined with rhizobia. Such an approach will enhance rhizobial performance or persistence as well as decrease the usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

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Section: F1mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Nodule Microbiome: N₂-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

Martínez‐Hidalgo

Hirsch

2017

Phytobiomes Journal

242

163

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“…Misaghi and Donndelinger, 1990;Quadt-Hallman and Kloepper, 1996 Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Samish and Dimant, 1959;Quadt-Hallman and Kloepper, 1996 Grape (Vitis spp.) Bell et al, 1995 Lodge pole pine (Pinus contorta) Shishido et al, 1995 Peas (Pisum sativa) Samish et al, 1963 Pear trees (Pyrus communis) Whitesides and Spotts, 1991 Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Ciampi et al, 1976;DeBoer and Copeman, 1974;Hollis, 1951;Sanford, 1948;Shekhawat et al, 1984;Sturz, 1995 Red clover (Trifolium pratense) Philipson and Blair, 1957;Sturz et al, 1997a Sugar beets (Beta vulgaris) Jacobs et al, 1985 Sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) Dong et al, 1994;Gillis et al, 1989;Paula et al, 1991 Squash (Cucurbita maxima) Sharrock et al, 1991Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) Samish et al, 1963van Peer et al, 1990 C. Colonists or Latent Pathogens?…”

Section: A Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Endophytes: Potential Role in Developing Sustainable Systems of Crop Production

Sturz

Christie

Nowak

2000

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

489

253

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“…A number of reports since 1948 demonstrate that bacteria naturally inhabit healthy plant tissues, including fruits (Samish and Dimant 1959;Samish et al 1961), tubers (Hollis 1951), stems (Fry and Milholland 1990), and roots (Philipson and Blair 1957). Mundt and Hinkle (1976) found endophytic bacteria within seeds and ovules of 25 of 27 plant species sampled, thus establishing the presence of endophytes prior to germination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of endophytic bacteria in field-grown sweet corn and cotton

McInroy¹,

Kloepper²

1995

Can. J. Microbiol.

130

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Investigations were designed to gain fundamental information on the microbial ecology of endophytic bacteria in model dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous hosts. Population dynamics of indigenous endophytic bacteria in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. 'DES119') and sweet corn (Zea mays L. 'Silver Queen') stems and roots were studied in a 2-year field trial by quantifying culturable bacteria at intervals during the season on three media: R2A, medium SC, and tryptic soy agar. Population dynamics of endophytic bacteria inside cotton petioles and bolls were also determined in 1 year. Endophytes were recovered from sweet corn roots and stems at seedling emergence at mean population densities of 4 log (colony-forming units per gram fresh weight (cfu/g-fw)) for both seasons, and were present throughout most of the growing season at populations ranging from 4 to 6 log(cfu/g-fw) in 1990 and 4 to 7 log(cfu/g-fw) in 1991. Endophytic bacteria were also present at emergence in cotton roots and stems in 1991 but were not detected until 2 days after emergence in 1990. Endophytic populations in cotton roots ranged from 4 to 6 log(cfu/g-fw) for most of the growing season in 1990 and 1991, while populations in cotton stems fluctuated between 3 and 7 log(cfu/g-fw) during both seasons. In cotton petioles, mean populations generally ranged from 1 to 4 log(cfu/g-fw), while no endophytic bacteria were recovered from bolls (minimum detectable limit = 1.30 log(cfu/g-fw)). The relative contribution of seeds and soil as sources of endophytic bacteria recovered from inside plants was assessed using surface-disinfested seed in a potting mix or on water-agar. With sweet corn, the mean endophytic bacterial population in seedlings grown on water agar was below 2 log(cfu/g-fw), while with cotton the mean was 5 log(cfu/g-fw) 6 days after germination. Internal populations resulting from surface-disinfested seed planted in nonsterile potting mix were 6 log(cfu/g-fw) at 6 days after planting with corn but only 2 log(cfu/g-fw) with cotton. These results indicate that endophytic bacteria are natural inhabitants of internal regions of roots and stems and that the endophytes may arise from both seeds and soils.Resume : Des recherches ont Ct C planifiCes pour obtenir des informations de base sur 1'Ccologie microbienne de bactkries endophytes chez des reprksentants modbles de monocotylCdones et de dicotyltdones. La dynamique des populations de bactkries endophytes indigbnes des racines et des tiges du cotonnier (Gossypium hirsutum L. 'DES119') et du mals sucrk (Zea mays L. 'Silver Queen') a Ct C CtudiCe durant 2 ans, dans des essais au chemp, par numkration B intervalles au cours des saisons des bactkries viables sur trois milieux de culture : le R2A, le milieu SC et la gClose tryptique de soya. La dynamique des populations des bactCries endophytes dans les petioles et les capsules du cotonnier a aussi Ct C CtudiCe au cours d'une saison. Des endophytes ont Bt C recouvrCes de racines et de tiges de mals sucrk, au stade de plantule en Cmergence, B des densitks ...

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Bacteria in Clover Root Tissue

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

The Nodule Microbiome: N₂-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

The Nodule Microbiome: N₂-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

Bacterial Endophytes: Potential Role in Developing Sustainable Systems of Crop Production

Population dynamics of endophytic bacteria in field-grown sweet corn and cotton

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Bacteria in Clover Root Tissue

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

The Nodule Microbiome: N2-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

The Nodule Microbiome: N2-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

Bacterial Endophytes: Potential Role in Developing Sustainable Systems of Crop Production

Population dynamics of endophytic bacteria in field-grown sweet corn and cotton

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Product

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The Nodule Microbiome: N₂-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone

The Nodule Microbiome: N₂-Fixing Rhizobia Do Not Live Alone