Bacteria, Fungi and Archaea Domains in Rhizospheric Soil and Their Effects in Enhancing Agricultural Productivity

Abstract

The persistent and undiscriminating application of chemicals as means to improve crop growth, development and yields for several years has become problematic to agricultural sustainability because of the adverse effects these chemicals have on the produce, consumers and beneficial microbes in the ecosystem. Therefore, for agricultural productivity to be sustained there are needs for better and suitable preferences which would be friendly to the ecosystem. The use of microbial metabolites has become an attractive and more feasible preference because they are versatile, degradable and ecofriendly, unlike chemicals. In order to achieve this aim, it is then imperative to explore microbes that are very close to the root of a plant, especially where they are more concentrated and have efficient activities called the rhizosphere. Extensive varieties of bacteria, archaea, fungi and other microbes are found inhabiting the rhizosphere with various interactions with the plant host. Therefore, this review explores various beneficial microbes such as bacteria, fungi and archaea and their roles in the environment in terms of acquisition of nutrients for plants for the purposes of plant growth and health. It also discusses the effect of root exudate on the rhizosphere microbiome and compares the three domains at molecular levels.

Metarhizium: jack of all trades, master of many

“…These fungi usually grow in decaying vegetation, but many opportunistic bacteria with a capacity for cross-kingdom infection inhabit the rhizosphere, and use similar or even identical functions for beneficial interactions with plants and virulence in humans [ 188 ]. Factors that contribute to rhizosphere fitness include the ability to use root exudates as nutrient sources or, more generally, ecological and nutritional versatility [ 189 ], a property that opportunist pathogens, particularly broad host range Metarhizium strains, have in abundance.…”

New insight into the divergent responses of plants to warming in the context of root endophytic bacterial and fungal communities

“…Plant endophytes are microorganisms that colonize the intercellular space of plants and establish a harmonious association with their host plants ( Odelade & Babalola, 2019 ). The genome of the host and its microbiome are considered a unit according to the hologenome theory ( Zilber-Rosenberg & Rosenberg, 2008 ).…”

Cytological changes in Solanum lycopersicum seedlings in response to some rhizopheric fungi

“…Soil management has become a crucial matter in order to prevent and/or reduce dangers that are being caused to agricultural sustainability in terms of plant development, yield and health. Widespread varieties of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi and other microbes are found inhabiting the rhizosphere with various interactions and with the plant host (Odelade and Babalola, 2019).…”