Bacteria associated with clinical postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in farmed sows in the Republic of Macedonia

Angjelovski, Branko; Cvetkovikj, Aleksandar; Mrenoshki, Slavcho; Radeski, Miroslav; Cvetkovikj, Iskra; Ratkova, Marija; Dovenski, Toni

doi:10.3906/vet-1602-102

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It may however still be possible that the number of sows with mastitis increased after the study was completed. Previous research indicates that E. coli is the dominant infection in milk from sows suffering from PDS with prevalence of 70% and 53.8%, respectively ( Kemper et al, 2010 ; Angjelovski et al, 2016 ), but it may still be argued that bacterial infections occur secondary to a noninfectious factor, since the samples in these studies were collected relatively late (<12 h) after farrowing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Lack of evidence of mastitis as a causal factor for postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows123

Kaiser¹,

Jacobson

Bækbo

et al. 2019

Translational Animal Science

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To investigate the prevalence of mastitis in sows suffering from postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS), we examined milk constituents and concentrations of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) obtained from the udder vein (v. epigastrica). As part of a case–cohort study, 109 sows were monitored daily from 60 h antepartum (a.p.) to 36 h postpartum (p.p.). Over time, 38 sows were diagnosed with PDS (PDS+) and were retrospectively matched with 38 healthy sows (PDS−). The study period was divided into 7 smaller time periods (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and E), allowing the studied values, in period B to G, to be compared with period A that served as a baseline, and PDS+ and PDS− sows were compared within the time periods. All sows were subjected to a thorough daily clinical examination and blood was sampled from v. epigastrica for LPS detection. Milk samples were obtained for bacteriological evaluation and detection of N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), β-glucuronidase (β-glu; for evaluation of mastitis), isocitrate (isoC), free glucose, uric acid (UA; for evaluation of the mammary energy status), β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA; for evaluation of ketosis), and milk urea (for evaluation of the protein status). The results revealed that PDS+ sows had decreased concentrations of UA in milk (P < 0.0001), increased heart rates (P < 0.01), increased mammary edema (P < 0.05), and prolonged capillary refill time in the vulvar mucosa (P < 0.01) compared with PDS− sows. Compared with baseline, feces became more solid 0 to 36 h p.p. (P < 0.0001) and the respiration rate decreased 12 to 24 h p.p. (P < 0.0001) for both PDS+ and PDS− sows. No differences were found between PDS+ and PDS− sows for severe bacterial infections, concentrations of LPS in blood or LDH, NAGase, BHBA, free glucose, isoC, or urea in milk. Concentrations of LPS in blood were not associated with signs of mastitis or edema in the mammary glands. However, a difference over time was seen for redness (P < 0.0001), warmth (P < 0.0001), and hardness (P < 0.05) of the 6 most anterior glands in both PDS+ and PDS− sows from 60 h a.p to 36 h p.p. The PDS− sows had greater concentrations of β-glu than the PDS+ sows, but no change over time was demonstrated for this marker. In conclusion, signs of mastitis were not consistently linked to PDS in sows. However, the cardiovascular system seemed to be compromised in PDS+ sows and the cause should be investigated to elucidate the pathogenesis of PDS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Lack of evidence of mastitis as a causal factor for postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows123

Kaiser¹,

Jacobson

Bækbo

et al. 2019

Translational Animal Science

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“…The high percentage of piglets observed outside the creep areas among the PDS+ sows may indicate that the piglets were hungry, which is in accordance with the lower growth rate compared to the litters from PDS− sows, as previously described in these particular litters [ 4 ]. Similarly, other studies indicate that behaviors indicative of hunger as a consequence of PDS manifest as unrest in piglets [ 13 , 14 ]. The presence of PDS may therefore have welfare implications for the piglets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…It has been shown that intense nest-building [ 9 ] and a higher proportion of sow-initiated suckling bouts [ 10 ] are associated with successful nursing (milk let-downs), increased litter size [ 11 ] and lower piglet mortality [ 12 ]. The behavior of hungry piglets is considered an indicator of milk deficiency in sows and also used in the diagnosis of PDS [ 13 , 14 ]. However, signs of hunger in the piglets are imprecisely defined in the literature and need to be evaluated in order to add information to our previous findings of reduced growth in litters from PDS− sows [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows: effects on behavior of sows and piglets

Kaiser

Herskin

Jacobsen³

et al. 2022

Porc Health Manag

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Background To investigate if specific sow and piglet behavioral characteristics could be used diagnostically, this case-cohort study of the behavior of sows and piglets during the periparturient period (from 24 h before the birth of first piglet to 24 h after the birth of last piglet) was conducted. Data included 32 sows diagnosed with PDS (PDS+) vs. 37 healthy matched controls (PDS−) and their litters. Results A significant change from active behavior with many postural changes to a more passive behavior was noted in connection with parturition. Sow nesting behavior was less frequent in PDS+ sows compared to PDS− sows during (p = 0.04) and after parturition (p = 0.0004). No difference was found between PDS+ and PDS− in the number of postural changes, interval from last time standing to the birth of the first piglet, interval from last time eating/drinking to the birth of the first piglet, interval from the birth of the first piglet to the sow standing after farrowing, interval from the birth of the last piglet until eating/drinking, occurrence of bar biting, or frequency or duration of eating/drinking during the observation period. Piglets of PDS+ sows stayed outside the creep areas more often than piglets of PDS− sows (p < 0.0001), but there was no difference in the mean number of piglets observed massaging the udder every 10 min. Conclusion These results confirm that sow behavior changes from active before parturition to more passive after parturition. Being diagnosed with PDS affected the periparturient behavior of sows as well as their piglets. The observed reduction in nesting behavior in PDS+ sows may suggest that a highly motivated piglet-oriented behavior was affected. However, classical sickness behaviors like lethargy and passivity seem to be poor markers for PDS.

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“…It can be argued that easily recognizable inflammatory conditions, such as endometritis and mastitis, occur secondarily because of PPDS. In the study of Angjelovski et al (2016) for instance, inflammation and ascending infection via the urogenital tract or intestinal tract was suggested to play a major role in the emergence of PPDS. Here, as in similar studies of PPDS and associated disorders, data are obtained relatively late in relation to completed parturition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive health of the sow during puerperium

Björkman

Kauffold

Kaiser

2022

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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The modern hyperprolific sow is susceptible to metabolic disease and chronic inflammation. The most sensitive phase is parturition, when the sow experiences systemic inflammation and stress, and major changes in metabolism and endocrinology. Resolution of inflammation and stress needs to happen quickly to ensure good reproductive health during puerperium. If the sow fails to adapt to these changes, puerperal disease may occur. The economically most important puerperal disease complex is the postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PPDS). Other puerperal diseases include infections of the urogenital tract. Diagnosis of PPDS and urogenital disease on‐farm is challenging but several diagnostic methods, including clinical examination, behavioral observations, ultrasonography and biomarkers are available. Ultrasonography is an excellent tool for monitoring the health of the urogenital tract, the mammary gland, and uterine involution and guide further diagnostic interventions. Biomarkers such as Chromogranin A, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6 represent promising tools to monitor general health and the systemic state of inflammation and oxidative stress of the sow. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, dopamine antagonists, and oxytocin are promising to address the symptoms of PPDS. Reducing of stress, improving nutrition and intestinal health, and supporting animal welfare‐friendly husbandry help in the prevention of PPDS.

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Bacteria associated with clinical postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in farmed sows in the Republic of Macedonia

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Lack of evidence of mastitis as a causal factor for postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows123

Lack of evidence of mastitis as a causal factor for postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows123

Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows: effects on behavior of sows and piglets

Reproductive health of the sow during puerperium

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