“…Notwithstanding, the standard and most common management practice for manures, whether raw or dried, is land application without any necessary pathogen treatment in contrast to sewage sludge application (i.e., so-called "biosolids"), which typically require pretreatment (Loyon et al, 2016;Loyon, 2018). This, however, provides routes by which pathogens can contaminate natural environments, food crops, animals, and humans (Bradford et al, 2006;Glaesner et al, 2015;Muirhead et al, 2005).…”