Bacteria, antibiotics and COPD

Wilson, Robert

doi:10.1183/09031936.01.17509950

Cited by 71 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Differences in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in countries may be due to several factors such as different patterns of antimicrobial usage, which lead to variable selective pressure on resistance (Wilson, 2001). Other factors include distribution of specific serotypes and the spread of resistant clones within certain regions (Imani et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial agents involved in lower respiratory tract infections

Olugbue¹,

Onuoha²

2011

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences

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The prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial agents involved in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) was investigated. A total of 285 patients presenting with LRTI defined by a new or increasing cough, productive sputum, chest pain, fever, anorexia, haemoptysis, headache and throat ache were enrolled with their consent. The sputum specimen was cultured on the appropriate bacteriological media. Bacterial isolates were identified by standard laboratory and biochemical methods. Lower respiratory tract infection was found prevalent in 131 (46.0%) cases. Males 83 (63.4%) were found more at risk to LRTI than females, 48 (36.6%). Lower respiratory tract infection was found to be most prevalent in age group 40 -49 years 39 (29.8%). Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive bacteria, was identified as the most prevalent bacterial isolate 48 (34.3%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 29 (20.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 22 (15.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus 15 (10.7%). The overall antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolates showed ciprofloxacin 72 (51.4%), chloramphenicol 67 (47.9%) and gentamicin 39 (27.9%) as the most potent antibiotic against Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates. High resistance was recorded for caftazidime, ceftizoxime, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cloxacillin and penicillin at 100% each. This study recorded a low percentage of sensitivity to the antibiotic agents tested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial agents involved in lower respiratory tract infections

Olugbue¹,

Onuoha²

2011

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences

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“…The natural history of the disease is characterized by intermittent exacerbations, or periods of increased sputum production and dyspnea, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality (3,4,44). Nontypeable H. influenzae is the most commonly isolated organism from the lower airways of adults with COPD and is the most common bacterial cause of exacerbations (37,44,53).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Genome Contents of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Strains from Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Fernaays¹,

Lesse

Sethi

et al. 2006

Infect Immun

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Haemophilus influenzae is an important cause of otitis media in children and lower respiratory infection in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with COPD experience periodic exacerbations that are associated with acquisition of new bacterial strains. However, not every strain acquisition is associated with exacerbation. To test the hypothesis that genetic differences among strains account for differences in pathogenic potential, a microarray consisting of 4,992 random 1.5-to 3-kb genomic fragments of an exacerbation strain was constructed. Competitive hybridization was performed using six strains associated with exacerbation as well as five strains associated with asymptomatic colonization. Seven sequences that were absent in all five colonization strains and present in at least two exacerbation strains were identified. One such sequence was a previously unreported gene with high homology to the meningococcal immunoglobulin A (IgA) protease gene, which is distinct from the previously described H. influenzae IgA protease. To assess the distribution of the seven sequences among wellcharacterized strains of H. influenzae, 59 exacerbation strains and 73 asymptomatic colonization strains were screened by PCR for the presence of these sequences. The presence or absence of any single sequence was not significantly associated with exacerbations of COPD. However, logistic regression and subgroup analysis identified combinations of the presence and absence of genes that are associated with exacerbations. These results indicate that patterns of genes are associated with the ability of strains of H. influenzae to cause exacerbations of COPD, supporting the concept that differences in pathogenic potential are based in part on genomic differences among infecting strains, not merely host factors.

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“…Die bak te ri elle Be sied lung wie de rum be güns tigt die An samm lung von Neu tro phi len und die Frei set zung von Elasta se, was das Lungen ge we be wei ter schä digt. Ein we sent licher Me cha nis mus der bak te ri el len Ko loni sie rung be steht in der Frei set zung von LPS, was die Bil dung von TNF-α, Prostag lan di nen, In ter leu ki nen, "pla te let-ac tivating fac tor" (PAF), NO und an de ren stimu liert, die die Ent zün dungs kas ka de weiter sti mu lie ren [50].…”

Section: Stand Der For Schungunclassified

COPD — zukünftige Therapieoptionen

Virchow

2006

Pneumologe

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Ab tei lung für Pneu mo lo gie, Kli nik und Po li kli nik für In ne re Me di zin, Uni ver si tät Ros tock COPD -zu künf ti ge The ra pie op tio nen Was kön nen wir mit tel fris tig er war ten? Pneu mo lo ge 2006 · 3:129-139 Die COPD ist ein er heb li ches, welt wei tes, fast aus nahms los durch Men schen ver ursach tes Ge sund heits pro blem mit stei gender In zi denz und Präva lenz. Die phä noty pisch nach weis ba re Atem wegs ob struktion wird auf chro nisch-ent zünd li che Verän de run gen mit Bron chi tis, Bron chio li tis, Em phy sem und Mu kus hy per se kre ti on zurück ge führt.Haupt ur sa che der COPD, ins be son dere in west li chen Län dern, ist die Sucht erkran kung In ha la ti ons rau chen. An de re Fak to ren wie Luft ver schmut zung spie len hier eine we sent lich ge rin ge re Rol le als in un ter ent wi ckel ten Staa ten und Schwellen län dern. Be ruf li che Ex po si tio nen kön-nen zur Pa tho ge ne se ei ner COPD bei tragen. Da rü ber hi naus gibt es zu neh mend COPD bei nicht rau chen den Pa ti en ten, die lang jäh rig Pas sivrauch aus ge setzt waren [23]. Pas sivrau chen in der Kind heit erhöht das Ri si ko für eine COPD im Er wachse nen al ter [46], und pas siv rau chen de Ehepart ner ha ben ein um 24-26 er höh tes Ri si ko, an ei ner COPD zu verster ben, als Nicht rau cher (http://www.ta b ak kon trol le. de/pdf/pas sivrau chen_Band_5.pdf).In den letz ten Jah ren ha ben sich neue Ein bli cke in die Pa tho ge ne se der COPD, ins be son de re auf mo le ku la rem Ni veau er ge ben, die zu min dest theo re tisch neue Mög lich keit zur kau sa len oder zu min dest kau sa le ren the ra peu ti schen In ter ven ti on bie ten, auch wenn an zu neh men ist, dass sich un ter dem Sam mel be griff COPD unter schied li che Er kran kun gen mit un terschied li chem An spre chen auf neue The rapi en ver ber gen. The ra pie op tio nen der Ge gen wart und Zu kunftRau cher ent wöh nung E Ge gen wär tig ist die Rau cher ent wöh-nung die ein zi ge The ra pie, mit der sich der chro nisch-pro gre dien te Verlauf ei ner COPD auf hal ten lässt und die das Über le ben ver bes sert.Ef fek ti ve Rau cher ent wöh nung um fasst Pati en ten schu lung, Be ra tung, eng ma schi ge Über wa chung und Ni ko ti ner satz the ra pie, mit der sich Punkt präva len zen (d. h. wie vie le Pa ti en ten rau chen zu ei nem be stimmten Zeit punkt nicht) von ca. 25 er rei chen las sen [35]. Da rü ber hi naus führt das An tide pres si vum Bu pro pi on zu ei ner wei te ren Ver bes se rung der Abs ti nenz, ins be son dere bei COPD-Pa ti en ten [24]. Neue re Me dika men te, wie bei spiels wei se Ri mo na bant [19] oder Va re nic lin [19,38], könn ten hier die Er folgs ra te der Rau cher ent wöh nung wei ter stei gern. Es be ste hen we nig Zwei fel, dass die Rau cher ent wöh nung bzw. Rau cher pro phyla xe die wirk sams te The ra pie der COPD dar stellt. Ob wohl die kon se quen te Pri mär-pro phy la xe der COPD al ler Vor aus sicht nach die phar ma ko lo gi schen Neu ent wicklun gen zur The ra pie der COPD, die im Folgen den ab ge han delt wer de...

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Bacteria, antibiotics and COPD

Cited by 71 publications

References 96 publications

Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial agents involved in lower respiratory tract infections

Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial agents involved in lower respiratory tract infections

Differential Genome Contents of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Strains from Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD — zukünftige Therapieoptionen

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