Bacteria and Boar Semen Storage: Progress and Challenges

Contreras, María José; Núñez-Montero, Kattia; Bruna, Pablo; García, Matías; Leal, Karla; Barrientos, Leticia; Weber, Helga

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11121796

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…The bacterial profile in boar semen closely depends on the hygienic conditions during the sample collection, the season, and the environmental characteristics where the animals are raised [38, 39]. In our work and like other studies [4] the most frequently isolated bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (G-), Klebsiella spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Antimicrobial peptides and proteins as alternative antibiotics for porcine semen preservation

Ros-Santaella,

Nový,

Scaringi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is nowadays a major emerging challenge for public health worldwide. The over- and misuse of antibiotics, including those for cell culture, are promoting AMR while also encouraging the research and employment of alternative drugs. The addition of antibiotics to the cell media is a must in sperm preservation, being gentamicin the most used for boar semen. Because of its continued use, several bacterial strains present in boar semen have developed resistance to this antibiotic. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPPs) are promising candidates as alternative antibiotics because their mechanism of action is less likely to promote AMR. In the present study, we tested two AMPPs (lysozyme and nisin; 50 and 500 µg/mL) as possible substitutes of gentamicin for boar semen preservation up to 48 h of storage.ResultsWe found that both AMPPs improved sperm plasma membrane and acrosome integrity during semen storage. The highest concentration tested for lysozyme also kept the remaining sperm parameters unaltered, at 48 h of semen storage, and reduced the bacterial load at comparable levels of the samples supplemented with gentamicin (p>0.05). On the other hand, while nisin (500 µg/mL) reduced the total Enterobacteriaceae counts, it also decreased the rapid and progressive sperm population and the seminal oxidation-reduction potential (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe protective effect of lysozyme on sperm function together with its antimicrobial activity and inborn presence in body fluids, including semen and cervical mucus, makes this enzyme a promising antimicrobial agent for boar semen preservation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins as alternative antibiotics for porcine semen preservation

Ros-Santaella,

Nový,

Scaringi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…

Boar sperm is highly sensitive to changes in the in vitro preservation environment compared to other domestic animals and is therefore often preserved in liquid for commercial reproduction, although this may be exposed to possible threats to reproductive quality from bacteria and microorganisms (Contreras et al, 2022). During cryopreservation, drastic environmental changes will cause oxidative stress to boar sperm resulting in decreased viability, membrane and acrosome integrity, further affecting the results of artificial insemination (Guimarães et al, 2017).

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphocreatine addition to extender enhances the quality and antioxidant capacity of cryopreserved boar sperm

Wang,

Guo,

et al. 2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Boar sperm are less resistant to drastic changes in the external environment during cryopreservation, mainly because their plasma membranes are rich in unsaturated fatty acids but lack cholesterol and are thus susceptible to lipid peroxidation caused by the attack of reactive oxygen species. This study evaluated the effect of adding phosphocreatine to cryopreservation extenders on boar sperm quality and antioxidant capacity. Different concentrations (0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mmol/L) of phosphocreatine were added to the cryopreservation extender. After thawing, sperm were analysed for morphological parameters, kinetic parameters, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, DNA integrity and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results showed that 10.0 mmol/L phosphocreatine samples enhanced the boar sperm motility, viability, average path velocity, straight‐line velocity, curvilinear velocity and beat cross frequency after cryopreservation and reduced the malformation rate compared to the control group (p < .05). The acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity and DNA integrity of boar sperm were higher than those of the control group after adding 10.0 mmol/L phosphocreatine to the cryopreservation extender (p < .05). Extenders containing 10.0 mmol/L phosphocreatine maintained high total antioxidant capacity; elevated the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase; reduced malondialdehyde and H2O2 content (p < .05). Therefore, adding phosphocreatine to the extender is potentially beneficial for boar sperm cryopreservation at an optimal 10.0 mmol/L concentration.

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Short- and long-term effects of essential oils on swine spermatozoa during liquid phase refrigeration

Troisio,

Bertocchi,

Ventrella

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The application of essential oils as potential alternatives to antibiotics in swine semen storage is promising, due to their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, detrimental effects on spermatozoa should be clarified first. The aim of this study was to evaluate 9 essential oils (EOs; Satureja montana, Pelargonium graveolens, Cymbopogon nardus, Melaleuca leucadendron, Eucaliptus globulus, Citrus limon, Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula hybrida, Mentha piperita) and a blend (GL mix) on key morpho-functional parameters of swine spermatozoa. Test compounds were firstly chemo-characterized and experimental doses were prepared by suspending a fixed number of spermatozoa with 3 different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/mL) of EOs. Experimental doses were stored at 16 °C and sampled after 3 and 120 h for analysis. Overall, S. montana, P. graveolens and L. angustifolia EOs induced the strongest alterations, with C. nardus and E. globulus EOs being the best tolerated. Swine spermatozoa represent a good preliminary testing platform to screen toxicity and its different patterns. The comprehensive overview on the potential mechanisms of action of some of the most common EOs, despite of the direct aim of the study being swine reproduction, may be exploited in other fields of research within both veterinary and human medicine.

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Bacteria and Boar Semen Storage: Progress and Challenges

Cited by 6 publications

References 73 publications

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins as alternative antibiotics for porcine semen preservation

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins as alternative antibiotics for porcine semen preservation

Phosphocreatine addition to extender enhances the quality and antioxidant capacity of cryopreserved boar sperm

Short- and long-term effects of essential oils on swine spermatozoa during liquid phase refrigeration

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