Bacteremic Disease Due to Haemophilus influenzae Capsular Type f in Adults: Report of Five Cases and Review

Slater, Leonard N.; Guarnaccia, Joseph; Makintubee, S; Istre, Gregory R.

doi:10.1093/clinids/12.4.628

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Additionally, it has been reported that the incidence of Hif disease in some vaccinated populations increased in recent years and that the mortality rate was very high, even up to 30% (18,30). The first Hif isolate in our study, recovered in 2000, was initially identified by a latex agglutination test in a local laboratory as Hib.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Responsible for Meningitis in Poland from 1997 to 2004

et al. 2005

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Two hundred forty-five H. influenzae isolates responsible for meningitis in Poland from 1997 to 2004 were studied. Among these, 233 (95.1%) belonged to serotype b (Hib), 2 belonged to serotype f, and 10 were noncapsulated. The relatedness of all isolates was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and selected representatives were evaluated by multilocus sequence typing. Resistance to ampicillin was identified in 34 (14.6%) of the Hib isolates and was associated with the production of ␤-lactamase only. Except for four isolates nonsusceptible to chloramphenicol, all isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin. The PFGE analysis divided the Hib isolates into five PFGE types; however, all of them were possibly related. The most common PFGE type, with 25 subtypes, was characteristic for 97.4% of the isolates. The most prevalent PFGE subtype found in our study was also the most common among the Hib isolates responsible for invasive disease in Italy and the Czech Republic and was found among isolates causing lower respiratory tract infections in Poland. The most prevalent sequence types (STs) in the studied group were ST6 and ST92. Four new STs were found: ST188, ST189, ST190, and ST268. Results of this study support the evidence that the genetic structure of encapsulated H. influenzae is clonal. The continuing high number of meningitis cases due to Hib in Poland underlines the need for mass vaccination against Hib in Poland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Responsible for Meningitis in Poland from 1997 to 2004

et al. 2005

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“…Therefore, the real number of H. influenzae serotype b cases, including vaccine failures, may be considerably lower (11). The third most common serotype in this study was f, which of the non-H. influenzae serotype b serotypes is known to be mostly associated with invasive disease and a very high mortality rate of up to 30% (12,19,23). The rate of ␤-lactamase producers among NTI, although consistent with previous Polish data, is low in comparison with the results of the SENTRY and the PROTEKT projects for other countries, which showed on average 28.6 and 16.6% of the H. influenzae as producers of ␤-lactamases, respectively (8-10).…”

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confidence: 84%

“…A detailed comparison of our results with results from other studies is difficult, because almost all the papers on this subject are focused on invasive diseases (3,17,19,24). There is a need for further studies, using PCR as the "gold standard," concentrated on other infections caused by encapsulated non-H. influenzae serotype b isolates as well as on potentially invasive isolates from carriers.…”

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confidence: 93%

Prevalence and Serotype Distribution of Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Poland

et al. 2005

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Among 1,272 H. influenzae isolates obtained from patients with lower respiratory tract infections, 5.6% were found to be encapsulated. The most common were serotypes b (40.3%) and e (38.9%) followed by serotypes f (16.7%) and d (4.1%). All encapsulated isolates within a particular serotype showed high genetic homogeneity and did not produce ␤-lactamases.Haemophilus influenzae is responsible for respiratory tract infections as well as severe invasive infections such as meningitis, bacteremia-sepsis, epiglottitis, and septic arthritis. Although the overwhelming majority of invasive Haemophilus sp. infections are caused by H. influenzae serotype b, other serotypes as well as nontypeable isolates (NTI) have also been associated with invasive diseases (2,3,6,12,13,17,18,24). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and serotype distribution of encapsulated H. influenzae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).From 1996 through 2001, 1,272 H. influenzae isolates, representing the whole country, were collected during a surveillance study in 25 centers in Poland. The study included outpatients and hospitalized patients (sampled within 48 h of admission) with clinically proven community-acquired LRTIs (exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or pneumonia) from whom samples of bronchoalveolar lavage, blood, or sputum (evaluated with respect to the numbers of white blood cells and epithelial cells and the presence of the mucus threads) were taken (1). Although in local laboratories all isolates were identified by standard procedures, 4.07% of isolates were misidentified. PCRs were run to confirm species identification and to detect capsule-and serotype-specific genes. Supernatants obtained from boiled colonies of H. influenzae were used for duplex PCR for species identification and capsule gene detection (4, 5). For isolates for which the specific products for capsule genes were obtained, the PCRs for serotypes a to f determination were run with primers a1-a2, b1-b2, c1-c2, d1-d2, e1-e2, f1-f2, respectively (4). Quality control strains of H. influenzae of serotypes a to f used for PCR were provided by Oxford Public Health Laboratory (John Radcliffe Hospital). The H. parainfluenzae strain used as the negative control (strain no. 2259/96) was derived from our collection.The production of ␤-lactamases was determined by a nitrocefin assay according to the instructions of the manufacturer (bio Merieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). The relatedness among encapsulated isolates was evaluated by restriction fragment length polymorphism of SmaI-digested chromosomal DNA analysis, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and interpreted as previously described (21,22).A total of 72 (5.6%) H. influenzae isolates were found to be encapsulated. The most common were H. influenzae serotypes b (40.3%; n ϭ 29) and e (38.9%; n ϭ 28) followed by serotypes f (16.7%; n ϭ 12) and d (4.1%; n ϭ 3). The results of comparisons of the frequencies of recovery of different serotypes and NTI s...

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“…With the postvaccine reduction in Hib disease, the proportion of invasive H. influenzae disease caused by Hif rose from 1% in 1989 to 17% in 1994 (40). Invasive Hif disease now contributes to a substantial proportion of all invasive H. influenzae disease (39,43) and has been associated with infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, and a mycotic aneurysm (1,8,35). Recently, Hif was isolated from a case of rapidly fatal sepsis in an otherwise healthy child (45).…”

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confidence: 99%

GeneticAnalysis of the Capsule Locus of Haemophilus influenzae Serotypef

2003

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A 19-kb DNA region containing genes involved in the biosynthesis of the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae serotype f (Hif) has been cloned and characterized. The Hif cap locus organization is typical of group II capsule biosynthetic loci found in other H. influenzae serotype b bacteria and other gram-negative bacteria. However, the Hif cap locus was not associated with an IS1016 element. Three new open reading frames, Fcs1, Fcs2, and Fcs3, were identified in the Hif capsule-specific region II. The chromosomal location of the Hif cap locus and the organization of the flanking sequences differed significantly from previously described division I H. influenzae serotypes.

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Bacteremic Disease Due to Haemophilus influenzae Capsular Type f in Adults: Report of Five Cases and Review

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Responsible for Meningitis in Poland from 1997 to 2004

Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Responsible for Meningitis in Poland from 1997 to 2004

Prevalence and Serotype Distribution of Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae Isolates from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Poland

GeneticAnalysis of the Capsule Locus of Haemophilus influenzae Serotypef

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