Bacteremia Prediction by Inflammatory Factors and Recent Trend in Drug Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Blood Stream Infection

Sohail, Muhammad; Sultana, Qamar; Rasool, Karam; Sarwar, Syed Mansoor; Basit, Abdul; Khalid, Muhammad Fasih

doi:10.14737/journal.jimb/2015/3.3.75.80

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Sohail et al, state that the most common bacteria found in patients admitted to the ICU of tertiary referral hospitals were S. aureus (36.38%), E. coli (18.28%), and MRSA (7.0%). Other bacteria include Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas sp, and Candida spp [29]. The highest death rate for tertiary hospitals in Vietnam-related bloodstream infection is caused by the Enterobacteriaceae group, which is 34.7% (61.6% of the mortality rate in the hospital), Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.4%) and E. coli (37.1%) as well as S. aureus (48%) [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Score Model of Clinical Outcomes Sepsis in Intensive Care Unit Tertier Referral Hospital of Eastern Indonesia

Octora

Mertaniasih

Semedi

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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AIM: This study aimed to design a predictive score model of clinical outcome sepsis and bacterial profiles of blood and sputum cultures in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary referral hospital. METHODS: An observational retrospective study was conducted in 2017–2020 using medical record data in the ICU of Dr. Soetomo Hospital as tertiary referral hospital. The predictor of sepsis prognosis was Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), blood and sputum culture results, procalcitonin (PCT) levels, and antimicrobial resistance in blood and sputum cultures. The model was prepared by logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Data from 355 subjects showed that predictor score was APACHE II, blood and sputum culture results; besides PCT levels were found to contribute significantly to predictive score of sepsis clinical output (p<0.05), while the predictor test of antimicrobial resistance in blood and sputum cultures was not significant to predictive score of sepsis clinical output (p > 0.05). The resulting scores to predict sepsis clinical outcomes include PCT level >2 ng/mL (1.61), APACHE score >20 (1), sputum culture as true pathogen (1.1), and blood culture as true pathogen (1.35). When the total score ≥3, the patient will die, while when the score <3, the patient will survive. ROC curves analysis obtained area under curve 0.859 (p < 0.05) which indicates that the equation is statistically significant in predicting the sepsis clinical outcome. Probability scores and death outcomes indicate that the higher the predictive score, the higher the probability of dying, with a score >3 the probability of dying is above 95.27%, whereas if the score is 5, the probability of dying is above 99%. The bacterial profile of blood cultures leading to mortality is predominately Gram-positive (34.4%), consisting of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (22.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (4.3%), while Gram-negative is only 14.7%, which consists of Enterobacteriaceae group (8.7%), Acinetobacter baumannii (4%), polymicrobial infection (2%), Burkholderia cepacia (0.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.4%). Sputum culture profile of patients with sepsis who died in the ICU of a tertiary referral RSUD Soetomo is dominated by Gram-negative, namely, A. baumannii (22.1%), Enterobacteriaceae group (20.6%), P. aeruginosa (11.1%), while Gram-positive is S. aureus (22.9%). CONCLUSION: The predictive score model for sepsis clinical outcomes in the ICU of a tertiary referral hospitals can be used as a basis for determining of patient management and the profile of the bacteria that causes sepsis that results in death.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Score Model of Clinical Outcomes Sepsis in Intensive Care Unit Tertier Referral Hospital of Eastern Indonesia

Octora

Mertaniasih

Semedi

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…Some of the common pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coagulase-negative staphylococci cause up to 65% cases of bacteremia. These pathogenic ailments are not only amounting to 98.2% of overall systemic infections but are developing resistance to numerous antibiotics at a frightening pace (Sohail et al 2015 ). Older infections such as Tuberculosis (TB) yet remain to be the worst communicable diseases in humans with high death rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental elucidation of an antimycobacterial bacteriocin produced by ethnomedicinal plant-derived Bacillus subtilis (MK733983)

Sudha

Aranganathan

2021

Arch Microbiol

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A bacteriocin from Bacillus subtilis (MK733983) originated from ethnomedicinal plant was purified using Preparative RP-HPLC. The HPLC fraction eluted with 65% acetonitrile showed the highest antimicrobial activity with Mycobacterium smegmatis as an indicator. Its specific activity and purification fold increased by 70.5% and 44%, respectively, compared to the crude bacteriocin. The bacteriocin showed stability over a wide range of pH (3.0–8.0) and preservation (− 20 °C and 4 °C), also thermal stability up to 80 °C for 20 min. Its proteinaceous nature was confirmed with complete loss of activity on its treatment with Trypsin, Proteinase K, and α-Chymotrypsin. Nevertheless, the bacteriocin retained up to 45% activity with Papainase treatment and was unaffected by salivary Amylase. It maintained ~ 95% activity on UV exposure up to 3 h and its activity was augmented by ethyl alcohol and metal ions like Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ . Most of the common organic solvents, general surfactants, preservatives, and detergents like Sulfobetaine-14, Deoxy-cholic-acid did not affect the bacteriocin’s action. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 3.4KDa by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The bacteriocin is non-hemolytic and exhibited a broad inhibition spectrum with standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Chromobacterium violaceum with MICs ranging 0.225 ± 0.02–0.55 ± 0.05 mg/mL. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed cell annihilation with pores in cell membranes of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa treated with the bacteriocin, implicating bactericidal mode of action. These promising results suggest that the bacteriocin is significant and has wide-ranging application prospects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00203-020-02173-7.

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“…It has been reported that sepsis occurs in approximately 2% of all hospitalizations in developed countries; in intensive care units (ICUs), the prevalence ranged from 6% to 30% [ 5 ]. In Pakistan, the prevalence of septicemia due to bacteria was 14.75% [ 6 ]. An observational study in tertiary care hospitals reported that 40.7% of patients in tertiary care hospital ICUs had severe sepsis, while 59.3% developed septic shock [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common isolated bacteria among patients admitted in ICUs of tertiary care units included Staphylococcus aureus (36.38%) followed by Escherichia coli (18.28%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; 7.0%). Other bacteria included Streptococcus faecalis , Salmonella typhi , Pseudomonas species , and Candida species [ 6 ]. Overall mortality due to septic conditions is 12.5%, but it varies (ranging from 5.6% to 34.2%) by age and organ involvement [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Sepsis Pathogens and Resistance Patterns in a South Asian Tertiary Care Hospital

Rehman

Shah

Afridi

et al. 2021

Cureus

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The aim of this study was to determine common microorganisms causing septicemia and their antimicrobial sensitivities in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using clinical criteria to diagnose patients as having septicemia where blood for culture and sensitivity (CS) was sent to the laboratory of a tertiary care hospital, Rehman Medical Institute, (Peshawar), Pakistan, during 2019. All patients diagnosed with septicemia regardless of age and gender were included in the study. The blood CS report was collected after 7-14 days of inoculation. Data were recorded on structured performa and analyzed using SPSS Version 20 (IBM Corp.). ResultsA total of 176 patients, with a mean age of 2.92±1.32 years, fulfilled the criteria for sepsis with a mean age of 2.92±1.32 years. Among them, 61.9% were male and 38.1% were female. Among common bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was found in 37.5% of samples followed by skin contaminants (18.2%), methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (14.8%), and Escherichia coli in (11.4% cases). None of the antibiotics had susceptibility of more than 60%. Susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam and ampicillin/sulbactam was found in 21.5% and 14.6% of the samples, respectively, while in cephalosporins, cefoxitin's susceptibility was 28.5%, whereas both ceftriaxone and cephazolin were equally effective in 19.4% cases. Furthermore, 38.9% of the samples were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 24.3% to levofloxacin. The susceptibilities of amikacin and gentamicin in aminoglycosides were 56.3% and 47.2%, respectively, while that of imipenem and meropenem were 59.7% and 22.9%, respectively. Lastly, clindamycin had an efficacy in 42.4% of samples. ConclusionThe susceptibility of bacterial isolates in septicemia to common antibiotics was low, thus risking therapeutic failure in septic patients. Widespread resistance may be due to the excessive use along with over-thecounter availability of antibiotics, which therefore requires regulation as it is an alarming situation.

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Bacteremia Prediction by Inflammatory Factors and Recent Trend in Drug Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Blood Stream Infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Predictive Score Model of Clinical Outcomes Sepsis in Intensive Care Unit Tertier Referral Hospital of Eastern Indonesia

Predictive Score Model of Clinical Outcomes Sepsis in Intensive Care Unit Tertier Referral Hospital of Eastern Indonesia

Experimental elucidation of an antimycobacterial bacteriocin produced by ethnomedicinal plant-derived Bacillus subtilis (MK733983)

Bacterial Sepsis Pathogens and Resistance Patterns in a South Asian Tertiary Care Hospital

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