Bacosides from Bacopa monnieri extract: An overview of the effects on neurological disorders

Abstract

From ancient history, complementary and alternative medicines have played a significant role as holistic therapeutic treatments of various human diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurological diseases, and skin problems. One Indian medicinal plant (herb), Bacopa monnieri has been used in many parts of the world as such medicine, particularly for the treatment of various neurological disorders. It is well known as a potent "tonic for the human brain," which serves as a memory enhancer. Multiple studies proved that this herb contains a plethora of potential bioactive, phytochemical compounds with synergistic properties. The main purpose of the present review is to shed light on the use of Bacopa monnieri and its active principles (bacosides) in the management of neurological disorders. Furthermore, the signaling pathways modulated by bacosides have been critically discussed in this review. Moreover, we have critically summarized the present knowledge of this perennial creeping herb based upon the literature mining from different scientific engines.

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Potential Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses

“…It also has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, sedative, and antiepileptic properties ( Saini et al., 2012 ). Bacopa monnieri has been reported to contain bacosides and cucurbitacins which have medicinal properties and needs to be investigated for antiviral activity ( Bhandari et al., 2007 ; Banerjee et al., 2021 ). Extract from Ancitrocladus heyneanus bark (M5C) showed total reduction of viral foci of DENV and significant activity against CHIKV.…”

Wonder or evil?: Multifaceted health hazards and health benefits of Cannabis sativa and its phytochemicals

“…Cannabinoids are associated with a wide range of actions in the brain; they hinder learning and storing of information in the hippocampus, control of locomotion action and reward pathways of the basal ganglia, and modulate appetite in the hypothalamus ( Reggio, 2010 ). Thus, their action is opposite to that of, for example, Bacopa monnieri bacosides, which are well known as a potent ‘tonic for the human brain’, which serves as a memory enhancer ( Banerjee et al, 2021 ). Additionally, the mechanisms and pharmacological action of herbal bioactive compounds to improve memory and use in the near future for the treatment of severe brain disorders were recently discussed ( Halder et al, 2021 ), including anti-Parkinsonian medicinal crops for industrial use (e.g., Tandon et al, 2021 ).…”

Dioscin: A review on pharmacological properties and therapeutic values

“…Plants produce various secondary metabolites and phytochemicals usually as a response to factors such as microbial invasion 170,171 . Phytochemicals are a group of such secondary metabolites that are naturally synthesized by plants and can be extracted and purified for medical use 172–177 . Natural compounds have beneficial properties like low cytotoxicity and epidemiological studies indicate the numerous health benefits they offer.…”

“…170,171 Phytochemicals are a group of such secondary metabolites that are naturally synthesized by plants and can be extracted and purified for medical use. [172][173][174][175][176][177] Natural compounds have beneficial properties like low cytotoxicity and epidemiological studies indicate the numerous health benefits they offer. Therefore, a number of clinical studies have been performed with plant-derived natural products.…”