Bacoside A downregulates matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in DEN‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Cancer metastasis is a complex multi-step process, responsible for a majority of cancer-related deaths by affecting the critical organs and causing complications in therapies. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a multi-factorial disease and is the third most common cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that MMP-2 and MMP-9 are involved in tumor invasion and metastases and their elevated expression has been associated with poor prognosis. Our recent studies showed a strong anti-oxidant and hepatoprotective effects of bacoside A (BA) against carcinogen. Nevertheless the effect of BA on the activities and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 during hepatocellular carcinoma is not yet recognized. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the same. Results of gelatin zymography study showed that BA co-treatment significantly decreased the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which is increased during hepatocellular carcinoma. Further immunoblot analysis showed decreased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in rats co-treated with BA compared to DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results reveal that BA exerts its anti-metastatic effect against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting the activities and expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Preventive effect of phytoglycoprotein (38 kDa) on expression of alpha-fetoprotein and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in diethylnitrosamine-treated ICR mice

“…DEN is one of the carcinogens to induce metastasis in HCC (Janani et al, 2010). MMP-9 plays an important role in tumor metastasis and invasion.…”

“…It has been reported that DEN used to induce tumor metastasis in rodents as a chemical-induced experimental model. It also has the ability to express MMP-9 in HCC (Janani et al, 2010).…”

Terpenoids as potential chemopreventive and therapeutic agents in liver cancer

“…Treatment with bacoside A demonstrated the delayed development and growth of neoplastic nodules. The levels of AFP, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), ROS, lipid peroxides, GSH antioxidant enzymes, SOD and CAT, vitamins A and E and MMP-2 and -9 were decreased in the bacoside A-treated rats [141,142] . Thoppil …”

A bacosides containing Bacopa monnieri extract alleviates allodynia and hyperalgesia in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats

“…Pennell [family: Scrophulariaceae ] has been considered as a reputable nootropic medicine and is traditionally used for memory enhancing, rejuvenating, increasing longevity and promoting progeny [4]. Experimental studies have shown that Bacopa monnieri possesses anti-dementia [5], cognitive enhancing [6, 7], antidepressant [8], anti-anxiety [9], antiepileptic [10–12], antiparkinson [13, 14], anti-amnesic [15–17], antibacterial [18], antidiabetic [19], anti-inflammatory [20–22], anti-arthritis [23], antihypertensive [24], anticancer [25], anti-asthmatic [26], spasmolytic [27], antiulcer [28, 29], analgesic [30–32], anti-aging [33], antifungal [34], antioxidant [35–37], adaptogenic [38, 39], anti-addictive [40, 41], lessened narcotics-induced toxicity [42], neuroprotective [35, 43–45], antiemetic [46, 47], cardioprotective [48, 49], hepatoprotective [50–53] and nephroprotective [53, 54] properties. Clinical trials have shown that Bacopa monnieri has both acute [55, 56] and chronic [55–59] cognitive enhancing effects and improves memory performance in older persons [60, 61] and patients with Alzheimer’s disease [62].…”