Backscattering of waves by composite rough surfaces

Fung, A. K.; Chan, H. L.

doi:10.1109/tap.1969.1139483

Cited by 54 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The combined model (WNL + MTF) is validated with real data and it is considered in this work as a reference to estimate the off-nadir EM bias at other frequencies and geometries, accounting for the long and short waves EM bias contributions separately [32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Summary Of Existing Analytical Methods To Compute the Em Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Computation of the Electromagnetic Bias in GNSS-R Altimetry

Ghavidel

Schiavulli

Camps

2016

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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In radar altimetry the electromagnetic (EM) bias is originated by the smaller reflectivity of wave crests than troughs, thus the average sea surface height is under-estimated. Bias uncertainty is currently the largest factor in altimetry error budgets. The EM bias in a bistatic forward-scattering configuration at L-band, such as in Global Navigation Satellite SystemsReflectometry (GNSS-R) altimetry, remains one of the major sources of uncertainty in the altimetry error budget. In this work the EM bias is computed using numerical simulations.To do so, a time-dependent synthetic non-Gaussian sea surface is created using the PiersonMoskowitz and Elfouhaily sea surface height spectra and spreading function. The sea surface is then discretized in facets and "illuminated" using a Right Hand Circular Polarization data at C-and Ku-bands. Then, the numerical model is applied at L-band, for bistatic configurations, including different azimuth angles, and different wind speeds. It is found that the EM bias is almost insensitive to the sea surface spectra selected and increases with increasing wind speed and incidence/scattering angle (up to ~20 cm at θi,s = 45° and U10 = 12 m/s), and it also exhibits a non-negligible azimuthal dependence, that must be accounted for in the error budgets of upcoming GNSS-R altimetry missions.

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Section: Summary Of Existing Analytical Methods To Compute the Em Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Computation of the Electromagnetic Bias in GNSS-R Altimetry

Ghavidel

Schiavulli

Camps

2016

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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“…This series expansion of R(6l,q) has been widely used in rough surface scattering literature (Refs. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(7) and (8) are fairly obvious, but in obtaining them in this manner, it is clear that they are approximations and that the method of performing the exact calculation is indicated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering and Propagation of Acoustic Waves in the Presence of Rough, Penetrable Boundaries

Boyd¹,

Deavenport²,

Welton³

1971

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“…The second-order small perturbation method (SPM) [15][16][17] can predict the depolarized scattering in and out the plane of incidence, but its validity domain is restricted to the small roughness cases. The two scale model (TSM) [18][19][20][21] also known as composite surface model underestimates the cross-polarized components due to the neglect of second-order Bragg scattering. In comparison with the classical model such as SPM, KA and TSM, the modern analytical approximate model of second-order small-slope approximation (SSA-II) takes into account the mutual transformation of the two linear polarization states caused by facets tilts as well as the second-order Bragg scattering [22], and thus can predict the depolarized scattering from rough sea surface both in and outside the plane of incidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circularly Polarized Wave Scattering From Two-Dimensional Dielectric Rough Sea Surface

Guo¹,

Wang²

2015

PIER M

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Abstract-Based on the polarimetric scattering model of second-order small-slope approximation (SSA-II) with tapered wave incidence under linear and circular polarization, monostatic and bistatic scattering from two-dimensional dielectric rough sea surface is investigated. The emphasis of the present study is on the polarization signature of the scattered wave under circularly polarized wave incidence, which is related to the Brewster angle. Numerical simulations show that for bistatic configuration under circularly polarized wave incidence, the polarization state of scattering wave strongly depends on incident angle, scattering angle, as well as their relation to the Brewster angle associated with medium permittivity.

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Backscattering of waves by composite rough surfaces

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

Numerical Computation of the Electromagnetic Bias in GNSS-R Altimetry

Numerical Computation of the Electromagnetic Bias in GNSS-R Altimetry

Scattering and Propagation of Acoustic Waves in the Presence of Rough, Penetrable Boundaries

Circularly Polarized Wave Scattering From Two-Dimensional Dielectric Rough Sea Surface

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