Backlash of multiculturalist and republicanist policies of integration in the age of securitization

Abstract

This paper is critically engaged in the elaboration of the securitization and stigmatization of migration and Islam in the West, which is believed to be leading to the rise of Islamophobic sentiments and to the backlash of both multiculturalism and republicanism. Migration has been framed as a source of fear and instability for the nation-states in the West in a way that constructs 'communities of fear'. It will be claimed that both securitization and Islamophobia have recently been employed by the neo-liberal states as a form of governmentality in order to control the masses in ethno-culturally and religiously diverse societies at the expense of deepening the already existing cleavages between majority and minorities with Muslim background.

Strangers ante portas: The framing of refugees and migrants in the Czech quality press

“…The considerable salience of the frames depicting refugees and migrants as a burden on the state and as a security threat may have serious policy implications. Preoccupation with policy solutions, crisis management and illegality and security may all contribute to the legitimisation of restrictive migration policies (Burroughs, 2015; Kaya, 2012; Pugh, 2004) and to the adiaphorisation of migration, which means that refugees and migrants are exempted from the realm of compassion and moral responsibility (Bauman, 2016).…”

Co-radicalisation of Islamist and Nativist Extremists in Europe

“…In other words, co-radicalization between right-wing and Islamist terror groups becomes apparent after the year 2001 in Western countries. In line with the RTM, we think that this may be due to the socio-political consequences of the 9/11 attacks in the West, which lead to increased suspicion of Muslim-origin minorities resulting in discriminatory policies such as 2004 hijab ban from French schools (Koopmans et al, 2005: 157) and deleterious intergroup relations (Kaya, 2012), notwithstanding a significant rise in anti-immigrant resentment as can be seen from the electoral successes of various extreme-right-wing parties in those countries.…”

“…Nevertheless, a comprehensive approach to understand violent extremism in its ecological aspects cannot limit its scope to the study of in vitro artificial threats. Though interesting for isolating components of the causal process at play, the threat-regulation approach to extremism still fails to consider the role of contextual factors such as deindustrialization, unemployment and poverty (Kaya, 2012) in defining relevant markers for threat identification (what characteristic of the threat is most potent, what are the relevant in/outgroups?) and threat resolution (what is the relevant group identity for compensation?).…”

“…Instead, this model needs to be thought of as a convenient way to represent and organize the different known psychological and intergroup mechanisms in the literature that dynamically lead to violent extremism. As such, it comprises four major steps, pertaining to the reciprocal responses of both native populations (ethnic/cultural majority group) and populations with a migration background (Kaya, 2012). Accordingly, societal threats (e.g.…”

The making of a transnational religion: Alevi movement in Germany and the World Alevi union

“…The emerging discourse around national types of Islam, for instance German Islam, is 'shaped as much as by forces outside the nation as within it, because people and groups belong to transnational religious networks that exert their influence from far away'. 18 It has been well-documented in the literature that since the 9/11 attacks in the USA, hatred towards migrants and in particular Islamophobia have increased in western countries 19 with a growing perception of 'Western' and 'Islamic' countries as two opposite worlds, often ignoring the various differences among 'a billion Muslims, divided into over fifty states and into myriad ethnicities and social groups'. 2021 Nonetheless, this paradigm shift has had an important impact for all migrants from Turkey, because since 9/11 they have increasingly been identified as Muslims.…”