Background sodium current underlying respiratory rhythm regularity

Chevalier, Marc; Ben-Mabrouk, Faiza; Tryba, Andrew K.

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06537.x

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…5-HT, via activation of 5-HT 2A receptors specifically increases the bursting frequency of CI pacemaker neurons that may result in an increased in frequency of the network activity. On the other hand, blockade of 5-HT 2A receptors (with either ketanserine or piperidine) abolished the bursting properties in CI pacemaker neurons and increased the irregularity of the network (Peña and Ramirez, 2002; Tryba et al, 2006; Chevalier et al, 2008), whereas application of 5-HT uptake blockers restored the regularity after application of 5-HT 2A antagonists.…”

Section: Bioaminergic Modulation Of the Respiratory Network In Vitromentioning

confidence: 98%

Bioaminergic neuromodulation of respiratory rhythm in vitro

Viemari

Tryba

2009

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Bioamines, such as norepinephrine and serotonin are key neurotransmitters implicated in multiple physiological and pathological brain mechanisms. Evolutionarily, the bioaminergic neuromodulatory system is widely distributed throughout the brain and is among the earliest neurotransmitters to arise within the hindbrain. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, monoamines play a critical role in the control of respiration. In mammals, both norepinephrine and serotonin are involved in the maturation of the respiratory network, as well as in the neuromodulation of intrinsic and synaptic properties, that not only differentially alters the activity of individual respiratory neurons but also the activity of the network during normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Here, we review the basic noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways and their impact on the activity of the pre-Bötzinger Complex inspiratory neurons and network activity. 1-IntroductionBioamines, such as norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) are involved in the maturation of mammalian neural network as well as in the modulation of its intrinsic and synaptic properties. By changing the synaptic and intrinsic properties of a rhythmogenic network, these neuromodulators, in turn alter the frequency and phasing of the motor patterns produced by a given neuronal circuit (for review see: Marder and Bucher, 2007;Doi and Ramirez, 2008). The respiratory network is no exception and, as neuromodulators, NE and 5-HT in particular, have multiple functions in controlling respiratory rhythmic activity.The respiratory network has to be continuously active throughout life to insure survival. During this time, the neural network controlling breathing is under influence of multiple neuromodulators, among which, bioamines are the earliest neurotransmitters to arise in the brainstem. During life, bioamines are released in a state-dependent manner from different nuclei that participate in the control of vital functions and arousal and their influence is an integral part of the neural network that generates breathing (Mason et al., 2007 Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The respiratory rhythm is thought to be generated by neural networks located within the ventral respiratory column and the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) (Alheid et al., 2002;Feldman and Del Negro, 2006). Within the ventral respiratory column is the Bötzinger Complex (BötC) which primarily contains expiratory neurons and the pre-Bötzinger Complex (pre-BötC) that is critical for generating inspiratory activity (Smith et al., 1991;Ramirez et al., 1998). NIH P...

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Section: Bioaminergic Modulation Of the Respiratory Network In Vitromentioning

confidence: 98%

Bioaminergic neuromodulation of respiratory rhythm in vitro

Viemari

Tryba

2009

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…Bursting pacemaker neurons are continuously depolarized by a sodium-dependent background current that renders them spontaneously active (77, 566). This background current will contribute to the generation of action potentials that will intrinsically ramp up prior to the I CAN -dependent burst.…”

Section: The Inward Conductances Within the Respiratory Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cellular Building Blocks of Breathing

Ramirez

Doi

Garcia

et al. 2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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Respiratory brainstem neurons fulfill critical roles in controlling breathing: they generate the activity patterns for breathing and contribute to various sensory responses including changes in O2 and CO2. These complex sensorimotor tasks depend on the dynamic interplay between numerous cellular building blocks that consist of voltage-, calcium-, and ATP-dependent ionic conductances, various ionotropic and metabotropic synaptic mechanisms, as well as neuromodulators acting on G-protein coupled receptors and second messenger systems. As described in this review, the sensorimotor responses of the respiratory network emerge through the state-dependent integration of all these building blocks. There is no known respiratory function that involves only a small number of intrinsic, synaptic, or modulatory properties. Because of the complex integration of numerous intrinsic, synaptic, and modulatory mechanisms, the respiratory network is capable of continuously adapting to changes in the external and internal environment, which makes breathing one of the most integrated behaviors. Not surprisingly, inspiration is critical not only in the control of ventilation, but also in the context of “inspiring behaviors” such as arousal of the mind and even creativity. Far-reaching implications apply also to the underlying network mechanisms, as lessons learned from the respiratory network apply to network functions in general.

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“…Bursting in CS pacemakers seems to depend on a nonspecific cation current ( I CAN ) while burst properties of CI pacemaker appear to be mediated via the persistent sodium current (I NaP ) (Pena et al, 2004a). Inhibition of these currents in the respective pacemaker subtypes eliminates their ability to spontaneously burst in synaptic isolation (Chevalier et al, 2008; Del Negro et al, 2002a, 2005; Pena et al, 2004a; Tryba and Ramirez, 2004). However, it is important to emphasize that neither I CAN nor I NaP are exclusive currents mediating pacemaker properties.…”

Section: Network Reconfigurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Networks within networks

Garcia

Zanella

Koch

et al. 2011

Progress in Brain Research

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Breathing emerges through complex network interactions involving neurons distributed throughout the nervous system. The respiratory rhythm generating network is composed of micro networks functioning within larger networks to generate distinct rhythms and patterns that characterize breathing. The pre-Bötzinger complex, a rhythm generating network located within the ventrolateral medulla assumes a core function without which respiratory rhythm generation and breathing cease altogether. It contains subnetworks with distinct synaptic and intrinsic membrane properties that give rise to different types of respiratory rhythmic activities including eupneic, sigh, and gasping activities. While critical aspects of these rhythmic activities are preserved when isolated in in vitro preparations, the pre-Bötzinger complex functions in the behaving animal as part of a larger network that receives important inputs from areas such as the pons and parafacial nucleus. The respiratory network is also an integrator of modulatory and sensory inputs that imbue the network with the important ability to adapt to changes in the behavioral, metabolic, and developmental conditions of the organism. This review summarizes our current understanding of these interactions and relates the emerging concepts to insights gained in other rhythm generating networks.

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Background sodium current underlying respiratory rhythm regularity

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Bioaminergic neuromodulation of respiratory rhythm in vitro

Bioaminergic neuromodulation of respiratory rhythm in vitro

The Cellular Building Blocks of Breathing

Networks within networks

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