Background reduction during direct atomization of solid biological samples in atomic absorption spectrometry

Synthetic reference material for direct analysis of solid biological samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

“…Sensitivity and Detection Limits. With the provision of background correction, the maximum permissible sample weights in milligrams can be estimated by the restriction of background absorbance, which should be less than 1.0 (12). In this work, the maximum values were estimated by the linear range in the relation between the analyte absorbance and the sample weight.…”

“…Although many works have been carried out to analyze various solid samples directly with EAAS (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), one of the most serious problems to be solved is to prepare a standard for calibration. Headridge and Riddington (18) employed the use of a metal powder and an aqueous solution as standard for preanalysis of alloys.…”

Non-contaminating, representative sampling by shattering of cold, brittle, biological tissues

“…The difficulty of representation becomes more severe when small sample aliquots are necessary, as for direct solid sampling. There is a great potential for development of furnace atomic absorption methods for solid sampling which extends the sample-size capacity from 5 to 50 mg (6), especially when the atomizer is also designed to accept a high ratio of matrix to analyte without interferences (7).…”

Direct analysis of solids by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry using a second surface atomizer

“…Nonetheless, the direct analysis of solids or aqueous samples with high concentrations of dissolved salts is still considered difficult partially because of the inherent problems associated with sample handling, weighing, and the assurance of homogeneity. Although overall acceptance of one preferred design has not yet occurred, most major instrument manufacturers as well as numerous research laboratories have special atomizers (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) available for the direct analysis of solid samples. Many of the proposed GFAA methods for direct analysis of solids represent compromised atomization conditions compared to those used for aqueous samples.…”

“…Solid biological samples, including orchard leaves, pine needles, and bovine liver, have been atomized from capped sample cups inserted into a constant-temperature furnace (9).…”