Background pollination in <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> seed orchards

Harju, Anni; Muona, Outi

doi:10.1080/02827588909382584

Cited by 72 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Schnabel (1988) has shown, however, that 15-50 per cent of the effective pollinations in three G. triacanthos sites are by pollen originating outside the sites. These values are comparable to estimates of pollen migration rates for wind-pollinated species (Friedman & Adams, 1985;Nagasaka & Szmidt, 1985;Harju & Muona, 1989). More specifically for the site discussed in this paper, nearly 50 per cent of the sampled progeny were sired by individuals not within the site, and no association was found between an individual's location in the site and the proportion of its ovules fertilized by immigrant pollen (Schnabel, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Comparative genetic structure of two co-occurring tree species, Maclura pomifera (Moraceae) and Gleditsia triacanthos (Leguminosae)

1991

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Mac/urn potnifera, an aulotetraploid, and Gleditsia triacanthos, a diploid, are ecologically similar dioecious tree species that often co-occur in early successional habitats throughout the mid-western United States. We studied levels of genetic diversity and patterns of genetic structure for four polymorphic enzyme lcd of M. pomifera and 16 polymorphic enzyme loci of C. triacanthos from a single population in eastern Kansas. Levels of expected heterozygosity were high for both species, averaging 0.725 for M. poinifera and 0.366 for G. triacanthos. Although genotypes for nearly all G. niacanthos loci were in Hardy-Weinberg frequencies, three of four M. pomifera loci deviated from equilibrium expectations. Two aspects of genetic structure were explored. First, the extent of clonal growth was estimated by comparing genotypes of stems within 50 G. triacanthos and 32 M. poinifera clumps. The great majority of clumps contained more than one genotype, and in many clumps, all stems were genetically unique. Secondly, as revealed by spatial autocorrelation analyses, genetic substructure was very local for both species, with significant positive autocorrelation occurring only within clumps of individuals or among near neighbours. We argue that this pattern of spatial structure for both species results from extremely local seed dispersal and establishment of individuals from the same multiseeded fruit.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Comparative genetic structure of two co-occurring tree species, Maclura pomifera (Moraceae) and Gleditsia triacanthos (Leguminosae)

1991

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“…2-13% mislabelling reported in ramets of Douglas-fir (Adams 1983) by using allozyme markers. Similarly, Harju and Muona (1989) found 7-10% of mislabelled ramets in two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) orchards, 10% in two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) orchards (Wheeler, Jech 1992) whereas Kawauchi and Goto (1999) found 19.9% of mislabelling ramets within P. hunbergii planting. In this study, 15 out of 81 trees (18.52%) were mislabelled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process may result in mislabelling and inadvertent mixing of planting materials. Mislabelling and misplanting are common problems in forest plantation even with proper management and involvement of experienced workers (Harju, Muona 1989;Wheeler, Jech 1992;Kawauchi, Goto 1999). Early detection of plant mislabelling will provide simple solutions to the problem such as replanting the plants or simply correcting the label.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of STMS markers to verify admixture in clonal progenies of Acacia mapping populations and relabelling using assignment tests

et al. 2015

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Clonal propagation is widely used for Acacia breeding and commercial planting. When a large number of clones are handled, problems with mixings are commonly confronted. Detection of admixture in Acacia clones based on morphology particularly at seedling stage is not feasible. However, molecular markers are commonly used to test the genetic fidelity of planting materials. This paper reports the detection of mislabelling in Acacia clonal progenies using a sequence tagged microsatellite (STMS) genetic marker system. Progenies from two mapping populations were clonally propagated and field planted for phenotypic and genotypic evaluation at three locations in Malaysia: (a) Forest Research Institute Malaysia field station at Segamat, Johor, (b) Borneo Tree Seeds and Seedlings Supplies Sdn, Bhd. (BTS) field trial site at Bintulu, Sarawak and (c) Asiaprima RCF field trial site at Lancang, Pahang. During field planting mislabelling was reported at Segamat, Johor and similar was suspected for Bintulu, Sarawak. Screening revealed mislabelling events in both populations. A total of 18.52% mislabelling incidences were detected from both sites, of which 17.39% of mislabelling was detected for fibre length cross and 20% for wood density cross. The assignment test efficiently reestablished the mislabelled ramets to the respective clones. Future studies should be focused on the utilization of a higher number of markers, e.g. SSR or SNPs to increase a discrimination power. A high number of SNPs can be generated within a short period of time compared to SSR, but SNPs could be cost inhibitory. Multiplexing microsatellite combinations along with sample bulking will further reduce the processing time when screening large populations. The use of assignment test would efficiently assign mislabelled individuals to the respective clones. It is concluded that checking for mislabelling is imperative for future breeding and for analyses such as QTL mapping where a correlation between genotypic and phenotypic data is determined.

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“…If the genes are introduced to a seed orchard via alien pollen that originated from populations maladapted to the habitat of the offspring establishment, gene flow may reduce the fitness of the offspring and seriously affect the survival and production of operational plantations. Pollen contamination level depends on several factors, including the amounts of pollen production inside an orchard, the flowering synchronization among the orchard clones, the timing and duration of female cone receptivity of orchard clones relative to other pollen sources, the level of pollen production in neighboring stands, and annual weather variation (such as wind direction, temperature, and rainfall) during the period of male conelet maturation and female conelet receptivity (Harju and Muona, 1989;Burczyk et al, 2004b;Alizoti et al, 2010). The data related to annual climatic conditions prevailing over the last 10 years in the seed orchard area show that the mean monthly temperatures during the flowering season (2006) had not significantly deviated for the last 10 years, including the year of the flowering.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an ideal seed orchard, panmixia is fulfilled when the following are present: (1) completely random fertilization (including lack of incompatibility), (2) equal number of male gametes per clone for all the seed orchard clones, (3) equal number of female gametes per clone for all the seed orchard clones, (4) no fertilization from alien pollen, (5) all seed orchard clones having equal self-fertility for all clones in the seed orchard, and (6) lack of genetic barriers affecting embryo viability (Codesido et al, 2005). If individuals in seed orchards do not reproduce panmictically, some reduction in the expected genetic gains will be observed (Harju and Muona, 1989). Fertilization by alien pollen is one possible reason for loss of the expected genetic gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast DNA variation and pollen contamination in a Pinus brutia Ten. clonal seed orchard: implication for progeny performance in plantations

Bilgen¹,

Kaya²

2014

Turk J Agric For

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Pollen contamination is one of the important factors affecting the yield, adaptability, and genetic quality of the seed produced from seed orchards in forest tree breeding programs. Incoming pollen from the forests surrounding the seed orchard is a major concern in tree breeding because it contributes to losses in the expected genetic gains from seed orchard crops. The genetic variation and the level of pollen contamination in a 16-year-old Pinus brutia Ten. first-generation clonal seed orchard was studied using chloroplast microsatellite markers (cpSSRs). In total, 23 alleles and 36 unique allelic combinations (haplotypes) were detected based on the 6 cpSSR loci analyzed. The haplotypic diversity of the clones in the seed orchard was found to be 0.849. Out of 300 embryos analyzed, 87 were not compatible with any male parent within the seed orchard. Thus, 29% of the embryos were sired by pollen sources outside the orchard (i.e. apparent contamination). Microsatellite-based analysis revealed that the estimated contamination rate was 39.3%. Background pollination at this level will cause losses of 20% in the expected genetic gains. Our findings are valuable for the assessment of the intended seed orchard function, i.e. provision of genetically improved seed. It may be worthwhile to use pollen management strategies like strobilus stimulation, controlled pollination, and supplemental mass pollination to decrease pollen contamination and increase the genetic quality of the seeds produced.

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Background pollination in Pinus sylvestris seed orchards

Cited by 72 publications

References 4 publications

Comparative genetic structure of two co-occurring tree species, Maclura pomifera (Moraceae) and Gleditsia triacanthos (Leguminosae)

Comparative genetic structure of two co-occurring tree species, Maclura pomifera (Moraceae) and Gleditsia triacanthos (Leguminosae)

Utilization of STMS markers to verify admixture in clonal progenies of Acacia mapping populations and relabelling using assignment tests

Chloroplast DNA variation and pollen contamination in a Pinus brutia Ten. clonal seed orchard: implication for progeny performance in plantations

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