Background levels in air of lead, cadmium, mercury and some chlorinated hydrocarbons measured in South Norway

Thrane, K.E.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(78)90362-1

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…High TGM concentrations were also observed over the southern Atlantic Ocean during advection of continental air from the South American continent (Slemr et al, 1981) which is probably less polluted than the air over Western Germany. Similar to our observations, elevated TGM concentrations were also found by Thrane (1978), Fitzgerald and Gill (1979), Windom and Taylor (1979) and Schroeder (1981). The pronounced difference of TGM in continental and marine air masses clearly demonstrates that most of the tropospheric mercury is produced on the continents and that the oceans do not contribute significantly to the global mercury source strength.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Distribution, speciation, and budget of atmospheric mercury

1985

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Total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations over the Atlantic Ocean and over Central Europe were measured repeatedly in the years 1978-1981. The latitudinal TGM distribution showed a pronounced and reproducible interhemispherical difference with higher TGM concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere. TGM was found to be vertically well mixed within the troposphere. The TGM concentration seems to increase with time at a rate of 10 +-8%/yr in the Northern and 8 -+ 3%/yr in the Southern Hemisphere. Measurements of mercury speciation showed that elemental mercury is the main TGM component contributing more than 92% and 83% of TGM in marine and continental air, respectively. The tropospheric mercury burden was calculated to be 6 x 109 g. The interhemispheric distribution and temporal and spatial variability of TGM imply a tropospheric residence time of TGM of about 1 yr. Sink strengths calculated independently from the measured mercury concentration on particles and in rainwater are consistent with the above figures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Apparently, a significant fraction of the anthropogenically emitted mercury is emitted as organic mercury, most likely DMM. The occurrence of anthropogenic mercury sources has already been documented by others, e .g., Thrane (1978), Wroblewski et al (1974), Lindberg (1980) and Kalb (1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, speciation, and budget of atmospheric mercury

1985

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“…It was 1967;RATTONETTI, 1974;EATON, 1976; GONG et concluded that marine carbonate sediments did BRULAND, 1978; KREMLING and not play a significant role for the removal of PETERSEN, 1978;THRANE, 1978; YAMAGATA, cadmium in the sea. The removal rate of 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of cadmium between calcium phosphate and solution.

Kitano

Fujiyoshi

1979

Geochem. J.

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The distribution of cadmium between calcium phosphate and solution has been investigated, when calcium phosphate is precipitated from calcium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and cadmium nitrate solutions containing sodium chloride (0, 0.53 mol/1) or magnesium chloride (0, 5.0 X 10-2mo1/1) at 25 and 100°C: Cadmium in the parent solution is mostly incorporated in hydroxyapatite as a solid solution between hydroxyapatite and apatitic cadmium phosphate.

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“…Almost no sampling campaigns, dealing with trace metals, have been done on this part of the North Sea. Atmospheric heavy metal concentrations are reported in literature by Thrane (1978), Pacyna et al (1984aPacyna et al ( , 1984b, Amundsen et al (1992), Bartnicki (1994), Ducastel (1994), and Otten et al (1994). The data are summarized in Table 6 for the marine area and in Table 7 for the coastal measurements.…”

Section: Northern North Seamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1). According to Thrane (1978) the Vasser site is influenced by local sources in urban areas along the Oslofjord. As a result the concentrations found at this site are systematically higher than those measured at Birkenes.…”

Section: Northern North Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend analysis of the published concentrations of heavy metals in aerosols above the North Sea and the English Channel for the period 1971-1994

Hoornaert¹,

Treiger²,

Grieken³

et al. 1999

Environ. Rev.

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A literature review is given of atmospheric trace metal concentrations in aerosols above the North Sea and the English Channel over the period 1971-1994. Literature data have been gathered and intercompared to look for possible trends in the reported concentrations. Six trace metals are considered: Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr. A distinction is made between measurements in different regions of the North Sea, and between coastal and marine areas. The majority of the data deals with the Southern Bight, providing the most reliable trends. Strong decreasing trends are observed for the Pb and Zn concentrations above the North Sea during the years 1971-1994. For Cd, Cu, Ni, and Cr, much less data are available in the literature. Despite this, also for Cd and Cu a decreasing trend is present. Cr and Ni concentrations are fluctuating, mostly without a certain pattern. The trends in the concentrations are also compared to changes in the European emission profiles.

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Background levels in air of lead, cadmium, mercury and some chlorinated hydrocarbons measured in South Norway

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Distribution, speciation, and budget of atmospheric mercury

Distribution, speciation, and budget of atmospheric mercury

Distribution of cadmium between calcium phosphate and solution.

Trend analysis of the published concentrations of heavy metals in aerosols above the North Sea and the English Channel for the period 1971-1994

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